Carduoideae
Carduoideae is the thistle subfamily of the Asteraceae, or sunflower family, of flowering plants. It comprises a number of tribes in various circumscriptions of the family, in addition to the Cynareae.
Takhtajan, according to Reveal, includes 10 tribes in addition to the Cynareae: the Arctotideae, the Barnadesieae, the Carlineae, the Cichorieae, the Echinopseae, the Eremothamneae, the Gundelieae, the Liabeae, the Mutisieae, and the Vernonieae. Of these 11, Thorne agrees with seven in his eight-tribe taxonomy of the Carduoideae, placing the Cardueae, plus Arctotideae, Cichorieae, Eremothamneae, Liabeae, Mutisieae, and Vernonieae tribes in the subfamily, plus the Tarchonantheae. The Panero and Funk classification of 2002 places just three tribes in the subfamily: the Cynareae, plus the Dicomeae, and the Tarchonantheae.
The genus Oldenburgia may be within this subfamily but the data on this is inconclusive. The Takhtajan system divides the Asteraceae into only two subfamilies, the Asteroideae in addition to the Carduoideae, while Thorne adds the basal, monophyletic subfamily, the Barnadesioideae. The recent phylogeny of Panero and Funk divides the Asteraceae into 11 subfamilies.
