Cahuzac affair
On 19 March 2013 Jérôme Cahuzac resigned as a minister in charge of fighting against tax fraud due to tax fraud allegations. He later admitted that he had held a secret foreign bank account for about 20 years. As a consequence, he was officially excluded as a member of the Socialist Party. The release of the Panama Papers confirmed that Cahuzac owned a Seychelles company named Cerman Group Limited, incorporated in 2009, whose director and shareholder were from other offshore companies. Jérôme Cahuzac was sentenced to three years in prison and five years of ineligibility on 8 December 2016.
Background
The global financial crisis of 2008 is considered by many to be the worst financial crisis since 1929's Black Thursday. It left France and the rest of Europe exhausted and indebted. Nicolas Sarkozy, President of France from 2007 to 2012, was in charge at the time. Following his five years of tenure, he was ousted after losing the second round of the 2012 presidential elections against Francois Hollande. French people had grown distrustful and wary of the political scene and its participants, making this affair extremely timely.Jérôme Cahuzac is a physician whose political career began in 1997 when he was elected to be a deputy of the National Assembly. The National Assembly is one of the two major political bodies in France. Currently 577 deputies make up the National Assembly. Along with the Senate, it forms the parliament of the Fifth French Republic. Going from general counsel of the Department of "Lot-et-Garonne" to mayor, and back to deputy, Mr. Cahuzac made a solid name and reputation for himself. In 2010, he was elected President of the Finance, General Economy and Budgetary Control Committees of the National Assembly. Two years later, in 2012, he joined François Hollande's presidential campaign team. He was given the task to handle the budgetary, financial and fiscal aspects of the campaign. After Mr. Hollande's success and election as France's President, Cahuzac was appointed Delegated Minister of Budget on the 16th of May, 2012.
The breakdown of the key moments in the Cahuzac affair
This affair will be broken-down into three main parts: the beginning of the affair, the downfall of its participants, and the reason for the affair's unveiling.This affair originally came out with the publishing of a "secret recording" by Mediapart. This informational website was launched in 2008 by an editorial team of 35 influential journalists. The recording originally took place towards the end of the year 2000, but was only revealed in the beginning of March 2013. It contained the voices of two individuals, Cahuzac and his wealth manager Hervé Dreyfus. Both were discussing a variety of financial and private matters. Among these matters, was that of his bank account with UBS. Mr. Cahuzac explained to his associate that his account with that bank was bothering him because he had no more use for it. It was later found that he had transferred all the funds present on that bank account to another one overseas. Here is a short part of the scripted recording that accurately depicts the previously referred to situation:
"Ca me fait chier d’avoir un compte ouvert là-bas, l’UBS c’est quand même pas forcément la plus planquée des banques."
In English, this translates to:
"The fact of having a bank account open there truly bothers me, UBS isn’t necessarily the most hidden of banks."
Cahuzac never categorically denied the authenticity of the recording. He is known to have said that out of all these minutes of conversation, there may have been a few seconds where it was indeed him speaking. Following the amount of press coverage, proof and criticism stemming from the recording's leakage, President Hollande had no other choice but to release him from his duties as Minister of Budget on the 19th of March, 2013. Mr. Cahuzac was accused of money laundering and fiscal fraud, two crimes that inevitably go hand-in-hand. He later admitted to having transferred 600,000 euros to a bank account in Singapore. Subsequently, he was condemned to three years in prison along with a 375,000 euro fine. The judges on the case deemed this sentence necessary because of the "traitorous" nature of his acts and words – "especially when put in contrast with his job responsibilities and requirements" said one of the judges. He can however decide to appeal the decision reached by the Justice officials. Conjointly, his ex-wife Patricia Cahuzac is standing trial next to him for "family fiscal fraud." Having, in addition to the things previously stated, participated in the creation of various shell companies, she was consequently condemned to two years of prison.
The reasons for the unraveling of this affair are numerous. The main reason stems from reporters, who saw huge potential in possible findings resulting from the thorough investigation of the bank accounts of France's newly appointed Minister of Budget – who just so happened to previously be a plastic surgeon. Mr. Cahuzac was at the centre of the stage for quite some time.
Two other players that had a crucial role in the developing of this affair were the French military along with the armament industry. Mr. Cahuzac was planning on implementing huge budget cuts for the country's Defense budget. Reports indicate that he was planning on bringing it down from 32 to 20 billion euros annually. By doing so, he would encourage the removal of dozens of ground military-units, the cancellation of on-going military contracts for aircraft and helicopters, as well as the rumored removal of France's one and only aircraft carrier, the "Charles de Gaulle." In an article published by Atlantico, it is explained that the French secret services, along with multiple members of the Defense Committee, were in fact the key players in this story. It was revealed that they had worked together to gather information on his Swiss UBS bank account and tracked the money-trail that led to Singapore. Once it was done, they leaked their discoveries to the press and just waited for the whole affair to "blow-up."
Political impacts and reforms
Following the revelation of the previously discussed information, a multitude of impacts and reforms took place. This story primarily impacted and weakened President Hollande's stature, as he was credited for appointing Cahuzac in the beginning of his tenure. As a consequence of the movement that followed the Minister's resignation, a huge amount of skepticism and distrust settled in the country. Citizens and reporters started questioning and interrogating various politicians – thinking that some of them were also undoubtedly involved in the same sort of activities. Political figures such as Pierre Moscovici and Jean-Jacques Augier were put under investigation as a result.France's President and government subsequently decided to implement new reforms. There were two main reforms announced by President Hollande following this incident. The first one encompasses the idea that elected politicians who have been condemned for fiscal fraud or corruption would be forbidden from any type of public office or mandate. And the second one states that the financial details of each and every single minister and Member of Parliament have to be examined and published. French laws do not sanction the lie of an elected politician in front of the National Assembly. However, to fight perjury as much as possible, a specific law is trying to be put forth and passed by the National Assembly. This law states that a 75,000 euro fine and up to five years of prison was required for any elected politician or Member of Parliament who lies in front of Parliament about a fiscal or criminal matter. These laws and new regulations were put in place after French politicians realized how dissatisfied the French population was. "LeMonde," "LeFigaro," and "LCI," three famous and reliable French news companies, conducted a study that indeed confirmed the preceding statement: 33% of France's citizens wanted President Hollande to dissolve the National Assembly – one of the Fifth French Republic's most important and emblematic pillars.