C Form-factor Pluggable


The C form-factor pluggable is a multi-source agreement to produce a common form-factor for the transmission of high-speed digital signals. The c stands for the Latin letter C used to express the number 100, since the standard was primarily developed for 100 Gigabit Ethernet systems.

CFP standardization

The CFP transceiver is specified by a multi-source agreement among competing manufacturers. The CFP was designed after the small form-factor pluggable transceiver interface, but is significantly larger to support 100 Gbit/s. While the electrical connection of a CFP uses lanes in each direction, the optical connection can support both and variants of 100 Gbit/s interconnects
In March 2009, Santur Corporation demonstrated a 100 Gigabit pluggable CFP transceiver prototype.

Supported signals

Digital

CFP transceivers can support a single 100 Gbit/s signal like 100GbE or OTU4 or one or more 40 Gbit/s signals like 40GbE, OTU3, or STM-256/OC-768.

Analog

The Optical Internetworking Forum in 2016 published the CFP2-ACO or CFP2 - Analog Coherent Optics Module Interoperability Agreement. This IA supports a configuration where the digital signal processor is on the main board and analog optical components are on the module. This IA is useful in the case when the DSP exceeds the module power envelope.
The ACO interface can be used in coherent optics applications when the link delivers a flexible amount of bandwidth to the system, for example when combined with FlexE. The initial ACO IA is for the CFP2 module.

Variants

The original CFP specification was proposed at a time when 10 Gbit/s signals were far more achievable than 25 Gbit/s signals. As such to achieve 100 Gbit/s line rate, the most affordable solution was based on 10 lanes of 10 Gbit/s. However, as expected, improvements in technology have allowed higher performance and higher density. Hence the development of the CFP2 and CFP4 specifications. While electrically similar, they specify a form-factor of 1/2 and 1/4 respectively in size of the original specification. Note that CFP, CFP2 and CFP4 modules are not interchangeable.

CFP