Brachionus plicatilis


Brachionus plicatilis is a euryhaline rotifer in the Family Brachionidae, and is possibly the only commercially important rotifer, being raised in the aquaculture industry as food for fish larvae. It has a broad distribution in salt lakes around the world and has become a model system for studies in ecology and evolution.

Reproduction

Brachionus species can normally reproduce asexually and sexually. Sexual reproduction is usually induced when population density increases. Mixis in Brachionus plicatilis has been shown to be induced by a density-dependent chemical cue.

Genome size

Haploid '1C' genome sizes in the Brachionus plicatilis species complex range at least from 0.056 to 0.416 pg.
The complete mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis sensu stricto NH1L has been sequenced.

Cryptic species complex

Brachionus plicatilis strains have long been divided into ‘L-’ and ‘S-type’ forms. However, studies on morphology, karyotype, genetics and reproductive behaviour revealed that these types seem to be different species.
DNA sequencing studies in 2002 revealed Brachionus plicatilis to be a cryptic species complex comprising approximately 10 separate species, each of which has been diverging for several million years. A recent study identified 22 potential different species within the Plicatilis species complex.
The species, rather than the complex, is now usually referred to as Brachionus plicatilis s. s..

The species complex can be divided into 3 major clades.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/90/figure/F1
;List of the 22 suspected species of the B. plicatilis cryptic species complex
Species names and clade in
  1. * B01: B. 'Tiscar', S.?
  2. * B02: unnamed, S. 6
  3. * B03: B. 'Persia', S. ?
  4. * B04: B. 'Harvey', S. 14
  5. * B05: B. ibericus, S. 10
  6. * B06: B. Almenara, S. 9
  7. * B07: B. 'Towerinniensis, S. 7
  8. * B08: B. 'Coyrecupiensis', S. 8
  9. * B09: B. 'Cayman', S. 5
  10. * B10: B. 'Cayman', S. 5
  11. * B11: B. 'Austria', S. 4
  12. * B12: B. Nevada, S. 3
  13. * B13: B. Nevada, S. 3
  14. * B14: B. Nevada, S. 3
  15. * B15: B. plicatilis s.s., S. 1
  16. * B16: B. manjavacas, S. 2
  17. * B17: unnamed, S. 12
  18. * B18: unnamed, S. 12
  19. * B19: unnamed, S. 12
  20. * B20: B. rotundiformis, S. 11
  21. * B21: unnamed, S. ?
  22. * B22: B. 'Lost', S. 13