Boldine
Boldine is an alkaloid of the aporphine class that can be found in the boldo tree and in Lindera aggregata.
Boldine has antioxidant activity that effectively protects against free radical induced lipid peroxidation or enzyme inactivation. In addition, it has alpha-adrenergic antagonist activities in vascular tissue, and it has also been reported to have hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, reducing the expression of TNF-α in Ab-induced chronic inflammation in APP/PSI mice.
Boldine also exhibits neuroprotective effects because of its ability to cross the blood brain barrier when administered orally, inhibit connexin hemichannel activity in glial cells and neurons without affecting gap junctional communication and reduce neuronal injury resulting from Ab-induced chronic inflammation.
