Boggo Road Gaol
Boggo Road Gaol in Brisbane, Australia, was Queensland’s main jail from the 1880s to the 1980s, by which time it had become notorious for poor conditions and rioting. Located on Annerley Road in Dutton Park, an inner southern suburb of Brisbane, it is the only surviving intact gaol in Queensland that reflects penological principles of the 19th century. After closing in 1992, the larger 1960s section was demolished, leaving the heritage listed section, which is open to the public through guided tours run by Boggo Road Gaol Pty Ltd.
It was officially known as "Brisbane Gaol" but was commonly known as "Boggo Road" after the original name of the Annerley Road. A new street formed after 1996 now has the name Boggo Road.
History
In the 1850s the district where the gaol was subsequently located was known unofficially as 'Boggo', and by the 1860s the track through the area was known as Boggo Road.It has been suggested that the name came about because the area was very boggy in wet weather. Another theory is that Boggo was a corruption of an Aboriginal word meaning 'two leaning trees', and that the road was named after two prominent trees at either One-Mile Swamp or what is now Wilkins Street, off Annerley Road. Another possibility is that Boggo Road was an unofficial and unmaintained short-cut between Ipswich Road and Stanley Street that became very boggy after rain. Boggo Road was officially renamed Annerley Road in 1903, but the colloquial name for the gaol that had long been in use stayed.
In 1863, land off Boggo Road was set aside as a government reserve, finally proclaimed a gaol reserve in 1880. The first cellblock opened on 2 July 1883, built by Robert Porter, contained 57 cells, and was constructed using materials from the demolished Petrie Terrace Jail. In 1903 a new prison was built to hold female prisoners. This later became known as the No.2 Division, and is now the only section still standing, and is listed on the Queensland State Heritage Register. The 'No.1 Division' built in 1883 was the scene of 42 hangings, including the hanging of Ernest Austin in 1913—the last execution in Queensland. A new prison was built around the perimeter of No.1 prison during the 1960s and No.1 prison was demolished leaving area for an oval and recreational facilities for the newly built prison, which had running cold water and toilet facilities in all cells. Under the oval was the facility that became known as the "black hole" where prisoners were subjected to "punishment". The "black hole" continued in use until the late '80s. A new women’s gaol was also built at this time. The gaol was originally designed to cater for 40 male prisoners serving as a holding place for prisoners heading to St Helena Island in Moreton Bay. However, by 1989 there were 187 male prisoners and the women's facility had around 200 additional prisoners.
Protests at the gaol during the 1970s saw inmates undertake hunger strikes, roof-top protests, and rioting over the poor conditions and treatment. The prison was constantly in the headlines and became notorious around Australia. Cells in the No. 2 prison did not have any form of sanitation, and facilities for washing were lacking. Prisoners were required to use a bucket through the evening for toilet breaks and empty it, or 'slop out', in the morning. A Queensland Government inquiry into the living conditions of State prisons found Boggo Road to be outdated and inadequate for prisoners' needs. No. 2 Division was closed in 1989. No. 1 division was closed in 1992 and was demolished in 1996. The women’s prison operated until 2000 and was demolished in 2006.
Since 1992 the No. 2 Division was home to the Boggo Road Gaol Museum, which featured displays of prison-related artefacts. Throughout the 1990s ex-officers conducted guided tours of the site, and from 2003 the museum and tours were operated by the Boggo Road Gaol Historical Society, a non-profit incorporated association of volunteers. Since December 2012, Boggo Road Gaol became a tourist attraction for Queensland, with guided tours being conducted by Boggo Road Gaol Pty, who are now officially licensed to run tours and events at the gaol. Like many other similar places around the country, the site also hosts guided ghost tours.
Redevelopment of the surrounding site began in 2006, leading to the temporary closure of the Boggo Road Gaol historical site. Since 2012 the gaol has been re-opened to the public. Boggo Road has since been turned into an urban village called Boggo Road Urban Village and was completed in 2010.
Heritage listing
The No. 2 Division and the remnants of No. 1 Division were listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1993.Notable prisoners
- Hon. Gordon Browna former President of the Australian Senate
- James Finch and Andrew Stuartthe "Whiskey Au-Go-Go" murderers
- Nathan Jonesactor and professional wrestler
- Debbie Kilroy prisoner rights activist, founder of Sisters Inside
- Patrick Kenniffalso known as Queensland's last bushranger
- Michael PetersonAustralian surfing legend
- Wayne Michael Ryan convicted multiple bank robber who escaped Boggo Road Gaol twice
- Ellen Thompson the only woman hanged in Queensland
- Arthur Ernest Halliday murdered a taxi driver and was the only prisoner who managed to escape from the prison twice.
Executions
Name | Year of birth | Year of death | Place of origin | Victims |
James Gardiner | 1864 | 1883 | Scotland | Murder of Ada Gardiner at Rockhampton |
Jango | c.1866 | 1883 | Australia | Murder of Mrs Eliza Mills at Dingo |
George | 1858 | 1883 | Australia | Rape of young girl at Rockhampton |
Walter Edward Gordon | 1857 | 1885 | England | Murder of Walter Bunning on Darr River Downs station |
Tim Tie | 1856 | 1886 | China | Murder of Jimmy Ah Fook near Dulbydilla |
Wong Tong | 1857 | 1886 | China | Murder of Cock Tow at the Seaview Plantation, Bundaberg |
Christopher Pickford | 1856 | 1887 | United States | Murder of Martin Emmerson at Ravenswood |
Ellen Thompson | 1846 | 1887 | Ireland | Murder of her husband William Thompson near Port Douglas |
John Harrison | 1860 | 1887 | England | Murder of William Thompson near Port Douglas |
Edmond Duhamel | 1851 | 1888 | France | Murder of Sarah Descury at Rockhampton |
Sedin | 1864 | 1888 | Java | Murders of John Fitzgerald, Christian Mariager, and J. P. Davis at Normanton |
Donald | c.1863 | 1892 | Australia | Rape of a married white woman |
Francis Charles Horrocks | 1875 | 1892 | Queensland | Murder of Rudolph Weissmuller at Mooraree |
George Gleeson | 1865 | 1892 | India | Murder of Patrick McKiernan at Prince of Wales Island |
Leonard William Moncado | 1850 | 1892 | Chile | Murder of Bob, an Aboriginal boy aboard the barque "Sketty Belle" |
George Thomas Blantern | 1858 | 1893 | England | Murder of Flora McDonald at Marlborough |
Hatsuro Abe | 1863 | 1894 | Japan | Murder of a Japanese woman named Omatzie at Thursday Island |
Mi-Orie | 1866 | 1895 | Malaita Island | Murder of Francis Macartney near Bundaberg |
Narasemai | 1862 | 1895 | Malaita Island | Murder of Francis Macartney near Bundaberg |
Sayer | 1870 | 1895 | Malaita Island | Murder of Peter Anderson at Etowrie, near Mackay |
Jacky | 1864 | 1895 | Australia | Murder of Jacky Williams at Mount Morgan |
Frank Tinyana | 1858 | 1895 | Filipino | Murder of Senior Constable William Conroy at Thursday Island |
Willie Broome | 1870 | 1900 | Australia | Murder of thirteen-year-old Mary Le Blowitz at Stanton Harcourt, near Bundaberg |
Charles Beckman | 1859 | 1901 | Germany | Murder of Alfred Anderson at McCartney's Creek, near Bowen |
Wandee | 1881 | 1901 | South Sea Islands | Murder of Alfred Burnstead at Ayr |
John Rheuben | 1846 | 1901 | Portugal | Murder of Fanny Hardwick at Rockhampton |
Orifough | 1879 | 1901 | South Sea Islands | Murder of Morris Summers at Ashburton, near Mackay |
David Alexander Brown | 1846 | 1901 | USA | Murder of Graham Haygrath at Charters Towers |
Patrick Kenniff | 1865 | 1903 | NSW | Murder of Police Constable George Doyle at Lethbridge's Pocket near Carnarvon |
Sow Too Low | 1875 | 1903 | Malaita Island | Murders of Sergeant David Johnson, John Martin and Alice Gunning in the Mackay area |
Gosano | 1870 | 1905 | South Sea Islands | Murder of Jack Parsons at Ingham |
James Warton | 1845 | 1905 | Ireland | Murder of William Munday at Toowong |
Johannes | 1867 | 1906 | Ceylon | Murder of Police Constable Albert G. Price at Mackay |
Twadiga | 1876 | 1906 | Solomon Islands | Murder of William Baulch at Mackay |
Look Kow | 1844 | 1906 | China | Murder of Lee Choy Yuen at Townsville |
August Millewski | 1855 | 1907 | Germany | Murder of Wallum Nabby at Nanango |
Bismarck | 1886 | 1909 | Australia | Murder of Mrs Janet Evitts at Jundah |
Arthur Ross | 1888 | 1909 | England | Murder of James Muir at Gayndah |
Alexander Bradshaw | 1882 | 1910 | Queensland | Murder of George Sutherland at Carron River |
George David Silva | 1884 | 1912 | Queensland/Ceylon | Murdered six members of the Ching family at Alligator Creek |
Charles Deen | 1865 | 1913 | Ceylon | Murder of Peter Dina at Innisfail |
Ernest Austin | 1890 | 1913 | Victoria | Rape and murder of 11-year-old Ivy Mitchell at Cedar Creek Rd, Samford |