Black Sea Shipyard
The Black Sea Shipyard is located in Mykolaiv, Ukraine. It was founded in 1895 by Belgian interests and began building warships in 1901. At the beginning of World War I in 1914, it was one of the largest industrial facilities in the Russian Empire. The shipyard was moribund until the Soviets began building up the fleet in the 1930s and it began building surface warships as well as submarines. The yard was badly damaged during World War II and took several years to be rebuilt. Surface warship construction temporarily ended in the mid-1950s before being revived in the mid-1960s and submarines were last built in the yard in late 1950s. The Black Sea Shipyard built all of the aircraft carrying ships of the USSR and Russia and continues to build large commercial ships.
History
In 1895, the shipyard was established as the Association of Shipyards and Foundry Works --a Belgian-owned company and began building warships in 1901. It was merged with the Black Sea Mechanical and Foundry Works in 1908 and was renamed Associated Nikolaev Shipbuilding, Mechanical and Iron Works in 1908. It came under the control of Share Society Nikolaev Works and Shipyards in 1911 and was nicknamed the "Naval Shipyard". Around this time it was supported by the British armaments company of Vickers Limited. By 1914 the shipyard employed some 10,400 workers, which made it one of the largest industrial firms in Russia.After the war, it was renamed the Black Sea Shipbuilding Works when it came under the control of the Bolsheviks. During the 1930s it was renamed in honor of André Marti and became the Marti Yard. On 30 December 1936, the yard was redesignated as Shipyard No. 198. During these early years, the yard constructed surface warships and Dekabrist-class submarines.
In January 1938, the Chairman of the People’s Commissar Council, declared the following:
It was then the government introduced the 10-year Big Shipbuilding Program. The plan included the construction of battleships and heavy cruisers which would represent the ocean might and strength of the country.
On 19 October 1940, the government decided to terminate battleship and heavy cruiser construction. It was ordered to concentrate all their efforts on small-size and medium-size warship construction. However, the completion of ships of various previously laid down classes continued. On the whole, the Soviet shipbuilding was once again re-directed for submarine and light surface ship construction. Nevertheless, by the 1950s, an estimated 65 Whiskey-class submarines, Sverdlov-class light cruisers, and the Stalingrad-class battlecruiser were built.
During the 1960s, the Moskva-class helicopter carriers and the Kiev-class VSTOL aircraft carrying cruisers were constructed. The fourth Kiev-class, Admiral Gorshkov, was launched in 1982 and later, in 1985, the first Kuznetsov-class, Admiral Kuznetsov, was launched. The Admiral Kuznetsovs hull design is based on the Admiral Gorshkov but is larger with a full load displacement, 58,500 tons as compared to Admiral Gorshkovs 40,400 tons. KH-11 satellite photographs of the construction of the Admiral Kuznetsov were leaked to Jane's Defence Weekly in 1985 by Samuel Loring Morison, a naval intelligence analyst with the U.S. Navy.
Commercial ships and naval auxiliaries were, and continue to be constructed there. Commercial ships are primarily dry-cargo ships, fish-factory ships, and large trawlers. In the late 1970s, the shipyard constructed two large trawlers for the State Committee of Fisheries of Ukraine.
Facilities and Services
The State joint stock company Chernomorsudoproekt is one of the leading ship design firms in Ukraine. The firm was founded in 1956 around the design personnel of Nikolayev shipbuilding enterprises. The enterprise has built and exported vessels to Sweden, Bulgaria, Norway, Romania, Great Britain, Germany, Portugal, Kuwait, India and Greece.The shipyard has two main areas covering. The first slipway has end-launch building ways and blocking docks. The second is a horizontal building slip with a covered launch.
| Length | Width | Lifting Capacity | |
| Slipway No. 0 | Two Kone gantry cranes each capable of lifting up to 900 800 tons | ||
| Slipway No. 1 | Horizontal, launching effected with the help of floating dock | ||
| Floating dock | Up to 7,500 tons | ||
| 3 quays | total | - | Portal cranes with a lifting capacity of 25-40 tons |
The largest slipway is capable of constructing tankers, bulk carriers, supply vessels, and roll-on/roll-off ships. There is also a high-capacity pre-slipway area of, where blocks up to can be assembled.
The second slipway is a flow-position line, which is located in the sheltered slipway and is actually a closed-loop autonomous production line. Launching of vessels is effected with the help of the floating dock. The final fitting-out is performed near the South outfitting quay which is.
The shipyard consists of several workshops to include: the slipway workshop, assembly and welding workshop, plating workshop, and an outfitting workshop. The assembly and welding workshop is capable of manufacturing flat and volumetric sections up to.
According to their public website, the shipyard also includes:
- Specialized services to include the manufacturing of propeller shafts with length up to and the manufacturing of unit-cast and welded anchor chains.
- A multi-branch network of of railways and of roads.
- Tug boats capable of 60 ton bollard pull which can provide escort services to tankers up to in the narrow waters.
Notable vessels
There were many notable vessels constructed in this shipyard. The table below lists many of these vessels to include when they were laid and launched.| Name | Laid down | Launched | Class | Type |
| Krab | 1908? | 1912 | - | Submarine minelayer |
| Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya | 1911 | 1914 | Imperatritsa Mariya | Battleship |
| Revolutsioner | 1927 | 1929 | Dekabrist | Submarine |
| Spartakovets | 1927 | 1929 | Dekabrist | Submarine |
| Yakobinets | 1927 | 1929 | Dekabrist | Submarine |
| Bodry | ? | 1936 | Gnevnyy | Destroyer |
| Bystry | ? | 1936 | Gnevnyy | Destroyer |
| Boyky | ? | 1936 | Gnevnyy | Destroyer |
| Voroshilov | 1936 | 1939 | Kirov | Heavy cruiser |
| Sovetskaya Ukraina | 1938 | Destroyed | Sovetskiy Soyuz | Battleship |
| Svobodny | ? | 1942? | Soobrazitelnyy | Destroyer |
| Kuybyshev | 1939 | 1950 | Chapayev | Light cruiser |
| Stalingrad | 1949 | Cancelled | Stalingrad | Battlecruiser |
| Admiral Nakhimov | 1950 | 1951 | Sverdlov | Light cruiser |
| Mikhail Kutuzov | 1951 | 1952 | Sverdlov | Light cruiser |
| Moskva | 1962 | 1965 | Moskva | Helicopter carrier |
| Leningrad | 1962 | 1965 | Moskva | Helicopter carrier |
| Akademik Sergei Korolev | ? | 1970 | Korolev | Space Control-Monitoring |
| Kiev | 1970 | 1972 | Kiev | Aircraft carrier |
| Minsk | 1972 | 1975 | Kiev | Aircraft carrier |
| Novorossiysk | 1975 | 1978 | Kiev | Aircraft carrier |
| Admiral Gorshkov | 1978 | 1982 | Kiev | Aircraft carrier |
| Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsov | 1983 | 1985 | Kuznetsov | Aircraft carrier |
| Varyag | 1985 | 1988 | Kuznetsov | Aircraft carrier |
| Ulyanovsk | 1988 | Cancelled | Ulyanovsk | Aircraft carrier |
Notes: NATO class only shown if applicable; classes of vessels launched before 1949 are provided as originally designated. Most vessel names provided is the name given when launched-some ships may have since been renamed.