Cœuré taught economics at l'Ecole Polytechnique and was chief economist, No. 2 official, head of multilateral affairs and development, and head of France’s debt-management office in the country's finance ministry. From 2007 to 2009, Cœuré was also co-chair of the Paris Club of official creditors. In addition, he co-chaired the G20Working Group on Reforming the World Bank and the Other Multilateral Development Banks and of the G20 Sub-Working Group on Global Liquidity Management.
In late November 2011, Cœuré was nominated to the ECB executive board to replace Italy’s Lorenzo Bini Smaghi. He was, in a respect, a replacement for former ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet on the six-member board. France had reportedly insisted, as a condition for approving Italian Mario Draghi as Trichet's replacement earlier in the year, on Bini Smaghi's early resignation so a new French member could be appointed. In confirmation hearings in December, in line with a position already stated by Draghi, Cœuré said the bank maybe would have to increase its purchases of member-country sovereign debt as part of the effort to combat the European sovereign debt crisis. He stated, however, that any increase in bond buying, would have to obey the ECB’s primary goal of ensuring price stability. He was confirmed in mid-December and began his term on 1 January 2012. Cœuré was named to manage ECB market operations as of March 2012, succeeding José Manuel González Paramo, as well as payment systems and market infrastructures, and economic research. Cœuré is a supporter of the monetary policy of the ECB, which includes the use of unconventional measures. He repeatedly noted that the economic situation since the outbreak of the crisis warrants low ECB interest rates. He warned, however, that the monetary policy response of the ECB to the crises carries risks. It shields, he says, governments and other market participants from the disciplinary force of the markets and could make it easier for them to postpone painful reform. He urged governments not to be complacent, because the rates won’t stay that low forever. “With our decisions we gave them time. It is important that they use this time and prepare themselves and become more resilient”. Already in 2005 he had called for structural reforms and a more sustainable fiscal policy in Europe. Cœuré argued that central banks actions can generate moral hazard in the banking system and risk. He warned that “support that is considered as appropriate during the crisis might have perverse effects on the incentives of banks at a later stage.” He also argued in favour of a strict separation between the monetary policy and bank supervision functions of the ECB He supported the controversial decision on OMTs, but was in strong favor of the introduced conditionalities to mitigate negative side effects. He argued that “under OMTs, governments will have to continue their reform efforts as required by the respective ESM programme and by IMF involvement. Otherwise, they would simply become ineligible for OMTs. Hence, no reforms, no OMTs.". Therefore, he is perceived in the market to be more on the hawkish side of the Governing Council of the ECB. Together with his German ECB colleague Jörg Asmussen, Cœuré supported the publication of the minutes of monthly ECB meetings. In a speech delivered in November 2018, he also pioneered the discussion on the role of monetary for climate change. In October 2013 Cœuré was appointed Chair of the Bank for International Settlements’ Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, a standard setting body for payment, clearing and securities settlement systems. In early 2019, a Reuters poll of economists found that Cœuré was considered best-suited for the role as President of the European Central Bank, but Christine Lagarde was eventually nominated for the position.
Later career
In November 2019, Cœuré was appointed by the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements as Head of the new BIS Innovation Hub, set up to foster international collaboration among central banks on innovative financial technology.
Controversy
In May 2015, in an evening non-public speech with simultaneous release added but then delayed due to "an internal procedural error" at ECB, Cœuré apparently moved markets the next day in the Euro currency and European stocks and bonds with the announcement that the bank's bond-buying program would be "moderately front-load" before the summer trading lull. [|The speech] was originally scheduled to take place under the so-called Chatham House Rule. In the days after the Cœuré speech the ECB "declined to comment about its use of Chatham House rules" for the 18 May speech or about its other recent invocations of the rule.
