Bartimaeus Sequence


The Bartimaeus Sequence is a series of children's novels of alternate history, fantasy and magic. It was written by British writer Jonathan Stroud and consists of a trilogy published from 2003 to 2005 and a prequel novel published in 2010. The eponymous character, Bartimaeus, is a five-thousand-year-old boisterous djinni. The story follows the career of a teenage magician Nathaniel and Bartimaeus, whom he has summoned and nominally controls, through the alternative history of the peak of London's domination as a magical oligarchy.

Setting

The series is set in London during the early 2000s in a parallel universe where trained people can summon demons to do their bidding. Throughout history, various individuals and empires have harnessed these magical forces to obtain great power in the world. The most recent nation to do this is the British empire that has dominated Europe since the mid 19th century and continues to do so at the time of the story. The UK is a magical oligarchy where a ruling elite of magicians hold almost all the political, economic and cultural power.
The novels are set in an alternate history, with the effects of magic, magicians, and demons having resulted in many changes, but with many countries, cities, events, and people from actual history. In particular these changes are reflected in the contrast between modern aspects and older ones. The books incorporate references to various world mythologies and folklore, such as the Arabian Nights and Homer.
In the alternate history existing in the story, the government is dictatorial in nature and the people are mainly of two classes, magicians and commoners. The British monarchy is mentioned in passing, but is said to have been overthrown long before the events of the books. The magicians are the governing class and hold all important posts in the government, from a Prime Minister down through assorted other ministers. They are humans, no more magical than other human beings. For example, their ability to see demons is the result of wearing special contact lenses. They perform their magic indirectly by summoning, binding, and controlling various types of spirits from the Other Place and by creating magical artifacts. Commoners make up the majority of population. They are only allowed to take low-level administrative roles in the government. Education, media and public events are used to propagandize them. Magicians are often depicted as looking down on commoners. Whilst magicians are not allowed to reproduce, unwanted children are given up by commoner families and brought into the world of the elite in the form of apprentices at an early age. The commoners have some understanding of the magical world and know of the magicians' dominance. Increasingly during the time period of these stories, some commoners are born with a resistance to magic, or a sensitivity to its presence, or with the ability to see demons naturally.
London in the trilogy still has the Crystal Palace, where the climax occurs. The Tower of London is still used as a prison. A chandelier in the first book is said to be made of "crystal taken from the ruins of Versailles" and it is implied that France, Germany, as well as Italy obey Britain. Britain's main rival is the Czech Empire, which has been greatly weakened but still resents Britain. In the third book, the war against the "American colonies" is a main cause of the commoners' discontent. Apparently, Britain still retains dominion in North America and is sending troops there to suppress dissent. It is also implied that only the New England colonies have large cities, the rest of North America being still under the control of Native Americans.

Plot summary

As the books in the trilogy progress, three story arcs become evident. The largest and overarching plot line is the rise and fall of London as a global hegemon. The second and third are more personal: the boy changing from the pitiful, yet noble, Nathaniel to the power-hungry, arrogant John Mandrake, and finally earning back his humility and nobility; and the third, involving Kitty and Bartimaeus, in which Kitty proves her faith to Bartimaeus by doing something only one non-demon had ever done when she goes to the Other Place. John Mandrake also shows unusual courage and loyalty when he dismisses Bartimaeus, as surely they were both going to die, thus eventually saving the life of a demon. They end up restoring each other's faith in their races.
Each of the books is named for a magical artefact or spell: the Amulet of Samarkand, named after the city of Samarkand in Uzbekistan, renders the wearer invulnerable to magical attacks; a Golem's Eye is an enchanted piece of clay in the form of an eye that when placed in the forehead of a Golem, enables one to control the golem; Ptolemy's Gate, named for ancient Greek astrologer and mathematician Ptolemy of Alexandria, is a method that enables a human to enter the realm of spirits; and the Ring of Solomon, which invests the wearer with unshakable dominion over all spirits.

''The Amulet of Samarkand''

The first book in the trilogy, published 2003, introduces Nathaniel as the gifted 12-year-old apprentice of a middle-aged mid-level magician, Arthur Underwood. He assumes his magician name, John Mandrake, to protect him from rivals who would wish to harm him. When the magician Simon Lovelace cruelly humiliates Nathaniel in public, Nathaniel decides to take revenge by stealing Lovelace's most powerful possession, the Amulet of Samarkand, which makes the wearer invulnerable to magic. Unknown to his tutor, he begins the study of advanced magic in order to summon the djinni Bartimaeus and enslave him. Bartimaeus soon overhears Nathaniel's birth-name, which greatly reduces Nathaniel's control over him, because demons can then cast counterspells. Things soon get out of hand and Bartimaeus and Nathaniel find themselves caught in the middle of magical espionage, murder, blackmail, and revolt. Together, the two of them defeat Lovelace and his most powerful demon, Ramuthra, who was last seen destroying an entire nation. These actions ended an uneasy truce between the young magician and Bartimaeus, resulting in the demon returning to whence he came. Nathaniel and Bartimaeus are stuck in a terrifying flood of revenge and murder.

''The Golem's Eye''

Published in 2004, the second book picks up two years and eight months later and features Nathaniel as a junior magician working his way up the government ranks. In this book Kitty Jones is introduced as an important character. She is a part of the Resistance movement which seeks to end the oppressive rule of the magicians. Nathaniel is tasked by his superiors with crushing the Resistance and capturing its members. His task is complicated by the unexpected appearance of a seemingly invulnerable clay golem that attacks London. Much to the displeasure of Bartimaeus, Nathaniel recalls the djinni to aid him in uncovering the origins of the golem and to save his own skin. In the end, the golem is revealed to have been created by Kavka, a Czech magician, and animated by Henry Duvall, the London Chief of Police.

''Ptolemy's Gate''

In the final book of the trilogy, published 2005, Nathaniel is a senior magician and a member of the ruling council, an elite class of magicians in the government. Bartimaeus is still trapped on Earth by Nathaniel and is treated with disdain, continuously weakening as he is not allowed to return to the Other Place. Meanwhile, Kitty Jones has been hiding undercover and completing her research on magic and spirits. She hopes that this will enable her to break the endless cycles of conflicts between djinn and humans. The main plot of this story is a conspiracy to overthrow the government which causes the most dangerous threat in the history of magic. Together, Nathaniel, Bartimaeus and Kitty try to save the city of London from this dangerous threat.
Bartimaeus reveals to the reader the presence of an endless cycle wherein magicians summon spirits, magicians rule over commoners, spirits spread magic throughout a city, some of the commoners gain a resistance to magic, the commoners rebel against the magicians, the magicians are overthrown and the spirits return to the Other Place until another magical empire rises to dominance. This cycle proves to be the main plot, which culminates in the overthrowing of London. Bartimaeus makes references to other magical empires, such as Baghdad, Rome and Egypt, all of which have fallen from dominance as well.

''The Ring of Solomon''

The Ring of Solomon revisits the universe created in the Bartimaeus Trilogy, although the setting shifts from modern London to Jerusalem, 950 BC. It follows the djinni's adventures during the reign of King Solomon, who was frequently referenced in the footnotes during the trilogy. It was released in the United Kingdom on 14 October 2010 and in the U.S. on November 2, 2010. The story revolves around the troubles Bartimaeus faces while enslaved to Solomon's magicians, as he gets caught between the plots of his master to overthrow Solomon, and the schemes of Asmira, captain of the guard of the Queen of Sheba, who was sent by her to assassinate Solomon.

Principal characters

In a Bartimaeus trilogy forum, Jonathan Stroud has remarked that he was planning to make a Bartimaeus "bible". In fact, the main characters' names were borrowed from the Bible. The biblical Bartimaeus was a man whom Jesus cured from his blindness. Nathaniel, John and Ptolemy were names adopted from the story of Bartholomew the Apostle in the Gospel of John. Simon was also the name of an apostle. Mandrake the Magician was a superhero in a syndicated newspaper comic strip.
The following is a list of characters in the Bartimaeus series by Jonathan Stroud. The three most prominent characters are Bartimaeus, a djinn, Kitty Jones, a commoner, and Nathaniel, a magician. Most other characters of any significance are listed by name. Minor characters not listed are implicitly collected in the "Organizations and unnamed characters" section as members of various organizations or types of spirits.

Magicians

Nathaniel/John [Mandrake]

In the first book, Nathaniel is a 12 year old apprentice to a magician, who defeats Simon Lovelace's attempts to become prime minister. By the second book, he is an official in the government who investigates the golem's eye and the resistance. By the third book, he is a magician in the British magical oligarchy. He is referred to as the strongest magician on the Council with the possible exception of his former master Jessica Whitwell.

Rupert Devereaux

Rupert Devereaux was the British Prime Minister and de jure Chief of Police in Ptolemy's Gate. He had a charismatic personality that had greatly inspired Mandrake when he was young, though this respect later dwindled. He had a great passion for the performing arts and so was great friends with the playwright Quentin Makepeace. Near his death, he grew paranoid with all the chances of betrayal within the government. Devereaux was transformed into a hybrid by Nouda and killed by the Nathaniel/Bartimaeus hybrid.

Simon Lovelace

The main antagonist of the first book, Lovelace was a junior minister and rising star in the Ministry of Trade until, in his ambition, he tried to rise too fast and as a result was sidelined by Prime Minister Rupert Devereaux. Thereafter, he seeks to exact revenge.

Henry Duvall

The main antagonist of the second book, Duvall used a golem to wreak havoc in London. He was a werewolf and Chief of the Night Police for the British Empire, a dominating position. Though he appeared to be the ringleader of the conspiracy, the real mastermind was later revealed to be Quentin Makepeace. At the end of the second book, he is arrested and imprisoned. He is later mentioned to have committed suicide. Deveraux takes up the role but leaves most of the work to his former apprentice and Deputy Chief Jane Farrar.

Jane Farrar

Jane Farrar was the Assistant to the Chief of Police in The Golem's Eye and de facto Chief of Police in Ptolemy's Gate. In the second book, she attempted to charm and seduce Mandrake to get information for her master, Henry Duvall, though she was never associated with the conspiracy. In the third book, she is also shown as a brief romantic interest to Mandrake, although this connection quickly dwindles. Farrar is easily captured by a demon. After being freed by Kitty, Farrar arrogantly rounds up the Night Police to combat the hybrids, refusing the remaining magicians and Kitty's help. After the battle Farrar is missing and presumed dead.

Quentin Makepeace (aka 'the benefactor')

One of the antagonists of the third book and in many ways the main antagonist of the series, Makepeace was a playwright who helped orchestrate the Lovelace Conspiracy, the Golem Affair, and the Resistance’s raid on Westminster Abbey, but none of these plans came to fruition, so he eventually decided to orchestrate a plan of his own, using spirits to kidnap major members of the government. Makepeace transforms into a hybrid with the powerful demon Nouda, who later destroys Makepeace's mind and body.

Khaba the Cruel

The main antagonist of The Ring of Solomon, an Egyptian magician in the service of King Solomon. He is described as being bald with moist eyes and twin scars on his cheeks. Originally a student of the priests of Ra in Karnak he left for Jerusalem after gaining enough power. He is perhaps the most powerful magician in the series as he is capable of summoning a marid on his own when, according to Bartimaeus, it normally takes at least two.

Jessica Whitwell

Jessica Whitwell was Security Minister throughout the series and died trying to escape the hybrids with Shubit, her afrit, being the only magician with the courage to attempt to stand up to Nouda and the others, other than John Mandrake. She was considered to be possibly the most powerful magician in the government at the time of the series by John Mandrake. In The Amulet of Samarkand, it is said that she destroyed a marid by herself without the help of her own spirit. Throughout the series, she is shown to be very professional, strict, as well as above all, powerful. Whitwell was Nathaniel' s teacher though their relationship dwindles to a rivalry. Whitwell is the only magician to choose death over becoming a hybrid and dies in a skirmish with Nouda's forces.

Arthur Underwood

Arthur Underwood was a mediocre magician and the minister of internal affairs. Nathaniel was his apprentice from the age of five to twelve years old. The boy and his master had a cold and distant relationship. He was killed by Simon Lovelace in revenge for his apprentice's theft of the amulet of Samarkand.

Historical magicians

Kitty Jones

Kathleen "Kitty" Jones is a commoner and youthful mid-level member of the Resistance, opposed to the magical oligarchy that rules Britain. Like other members of the Resistance she is resistant to the effects of magical attacks and is able to withstand assaults from demons that would kill normal humans. In book three, Ptolemy's Gate, she searches to look for an end to the human-djinni hatred, delves into Bartimaeus's history, and becomes the second human to travel to the Other Place. After Nathaniel's death, she declines to be part of the new government.

Terence E. Pennyfeather

Mr. Pennyfeather was the leader of the Resistance in The Golem's Eye. Though his intentions were noble, Kitty came to see Pennyfeather as being as greedy as the magicians themselves. Pennyfeather is mortally wounded by Honorius and while dying tells Kitty to leave him behind. Honorius briefly impersonates him.

Jakob Hyrnek

Jakob Hyrnek was a commoner and the best friend of Kitty Jones, who did not share her resilience against magic. Mandrake captures Hyrnek to lure Kitty out. This succeeds but is interrupted by Duvall's golem and Honorius. After the golem kills Honorius and Kitty destroys the golem, Jakob escapes to Bruges, as his marred appearance is easily recognizable. In Ptolemy's Gate, Jakob is briefly mentioned as to send Kitty postcards.

The Mercenary (Verroq)

The Mercenary is a huge, muscular man who appears in all three books of the trilogy. His master is Makepeace and the Mercenary was instrumental in all of the rebellions attempted in the trilogy. It is unknown where he comes from, but he appears to be from the same Middle-Eastern sect as the assassins who are killed by Bartimaeus in the Ancient Egypt. He has an enormous amount of resilience and can see on all seven planes. His physical endurance is also very high, as he survives Bartimaeus crushing him with a statue and throwing him down a mountainside. The mercenary is highly skilled with silver weapons and comes very close to killing Bartimaeus several times. The Mercenary owns a pair of Seven-league boots, which make him even more deadly and stealthy. The Mercenary is motivated solely by wealth and his survival.

Spirits

The spirits in the series are ranked into seven major classes; Sub-Imp, Imp, Foliot, Djinni, Afrit, Marid and Super-Marid in order of ascending power. Sub-Imps were rarely named as they were not worth summoning or studying. Super-Marids were also ill understood, however for a different reason; they were far too intelligent, powerful and destructive to summon.
The classes were also subdivided into an unknown number of levels. High levels of a lower class are similar in strength to low level djinns of the class above them, and may occasionally win in battle.
Note that the rankings only took into account pure spiritual power, and not intelligence. Throughout the series, cunning spirits manage to defeat spirits ranked above them in power. Often, spirits ranked higher are disadvantaged as their confidence in their magical prowess leaves them naive and vulnerable to non-magical traps and plans laid by lower ranking spirits.
The stronger classes of spirits usually require more magicians to summon. Afrits require two average magicians working in tandem to summon, while Marids take at least four. However extremely strong magicians may be able to summon a Marid on their own.

Ammet

Ammet was a 7th level marid in service to the magician Khaba the Cruel in The Ring of Solomon. Ammet is later imprisoned within a wine bottle at the bottom of the sea.

Bartimaeus

The titular character of the series, he is a sarcastic and sassy djinni of the fourth level, and is 5,000 years old at the beginning of the trilogy. His master in the trilogy is the British magician Nathaniel. Bartimaeus's trademark cheekiness and wry, often hilarious side comments annotate the novels. He enjoys insulting his master for appearance and emotions, as well as stupidity. The chapters that he narrates often contain humorous footnotes that add information on the nature of spirits and his own history. He has a large ego, due to his many accomplishments over the ages, of which he continually boasts. He is fairly powerful for a djinni, but has often been forced to retreat against stronger foes, such as Jabor and Faquarl. Although he is only a middle-level djinni, his quick wits often save him in difficult situations.

Faquarl

Faquarl is a stronger than average djinni with extreme intelligence. Despite being from a middle ranking class, Faquarl's cunning and intelligence results in his leading spirits ranked far above him. Faquarl is a constant contender with Bartimaeus, who always manages to escape from him by sheer luck or cunning. He favors the form of a chef for unknown reasons and enjoys spending time in kitchens for the extra space and variety of sharp weapons found there. In the first book, he is in the service of Simon Lovelace. Shortly before the third book, Ptolemy's Gate, he allows himself to be enslaved in the human body of Clem Hopkins. Later, he reveals that he was manipulating Makepeace, acting as though Hopkins was still in control over his own body.

Honorius

Honorius was a ninth-level afrit in service to the prominent 19th century British magician Gladstone. He was charged to fight in the Siege of Prague, guard Gladstone's treasures for eternity and kill anyone who broke into Gladstone's tomb. He was unique in that he didn't have his own form on Earth: instead, he encased himself in Gladstone's bones, which cured the pain of an extended stay on Earth, but seems also to have driven him mad. Honorius drowns in the Thames River but reemerges and attempts to kill both Bartimaeus and Kitty. The arrival of Duvall's golem prompts him to attack the golem. Honorius is killed during this battle.
Spirits of Gladstone's Staff
Gladstone bound four Marids into his staff. It is implied maintaining their summoning did not exert a mental burden on Gladstone, as they remained bound inside his staff even until centuries later after he died.
Spirit of the Amulet of Samarkand
A Super-Marid inhabits the amulet, and protects the wearer from magical harm. It is known to be stronger than Ramuthra.

Jabor

Jabor, a greater djinni in the service of Simon Lovelace, is introduced and ultimately destroyed in The Amulet of Samarkand. A powerful Djinni, his preferred form is that of a tall red-skinned man with the head of a jackal, reminiscent of Anubis, Egyptian god in charge of guarding the dead. He previously worked at the temple in Ombos Egypt, where he devoured human sacrifices. He speaks rarely, as well as relies on brute strength and violence, often disregarding injury to himself. Bartimaeus describes him as "moronically strong to the point of indestructible".

Nouda

An immensely powerful Super-Marid with a long history of destruction, he is summoned by Quentin Makepeace and enters his body. After destroying Makepeace's mind, he is able to control his body and sets about on a systematic destruction of mankind, starting with London. After a time of raiding London with his hybrids, his essence became stronger and Makepeace's body was destroyed, making Nouda vulnerable to Nathaniel's attacks. He believes that spirits should rule Earth, all as equals. Despite his power, he is not particularly intelligent, as his plans for world domination were all planned and controlled by Faquarl, a spirit ranked far below him.
Was also summoned by Montezuma and the Aztec Empire. Has high tendency for consuming humans and destroying cities.

Queezle

Queezle was a female djinni in service to Mr Ffoukes who appeared in the Golem's Eye. She is an extremely close friend of Bartimaeus: the two seeming to have a "deep relationship" and their relationship went at least back to Prague, where she and Bartimaeus fought together, as well as was around 1500 years old. She is killed by Duvall's golem.

Ramuthra

Ramuthra is the first super-marid spirit to appear in the series. It was summoned by Simon Lovelace to destroy the British government in an attempted coup d'état. According to Bartimaeus, a choir of magicians would be needed to summon an entity of Ramuthra's power. Ramuthra "disrupted the elements", sending out "waves" or "ripples" of energy that alter the nature of objects and magic around it: turning crystal into water, wood into cheese, a man's face into a woman's, as well as a Pestilence into a cloud of flowers, for example. Ramuthra is transparent, visible only by the way the planes are distorted around its edges and a slight magnification of objects seen through it. Its voice comes "from everywhere and nowhere" sounding "like a great crowd, speaking in unison."

Simpkin

Simpkin was a foliot in service to Mr Pinn who appeared in the first two volumes of the series and was one of the few spirits who actually enjoyed his servitude and was therefore regarded by others with hatred and contempt. He favoured the form of a small boy on the first plane, but was actually small and lime-green, with a bow-legged walk and a head that changes colour and size to show his emotions. Simpkin is killed by Duvall's golem during its first attack in The Golem's Eye.

Shubit

Shubit was an afrit in service to Ms Whitwell who appeared in all three volumes of the series. He broke his ties with her when she was killed and favoured the form of a bear. When going into direct battle, his claws would become nearly as long as scimitars. He was noted for his efficiency and also his humbleness and politeness.

Uraziel

Also known as the Spirit of the Ring, Uraziel is the most powerful spirit in the entire series and grants the person who has the Ring of Solomon on their finger limitless power at the cost of their lifeforce. He seems to have a very strong bond with his master Solomon. He is able to instantly take the Queen of Sheba to Solomon's palace when Solomon desires it, as well as being the source of power for the Ring.

List of magical places, spells and objects

purchased in 2002 the publishing and screen rights to the series as Harvey Weinstein's replacement for the Lord of the Rings as its fantasy film franchise. While several scripts were made, Harvey Weinstein left Miramax with his brother to start the Weinstein Company leaving the films in limbo. Although the first book's film was reported as being in production in November 2005 under director Anthony Minghella. The film rights got entangled. Start Media untangled them and pick up the rights to the four books in May 2019 to produce them with S/B Films.
Disney-Hyperion adapted and published in October 2010 the first book as a graphic novel written by Jonathan Stroud and Andrew Donkin with art by Lee Sullivan and colors by Nicolas Chapuis. The first print run is 50,000 in hardcover and 100,000 in paperback.