Balanced salt solution
A balanced salt solution is a solution made to a physiological pH and isotonic salt concentration. Solutions most commonly include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride. Balanced salt solutions are used for washing tissues and cells and are usually combined with other agents to treat the tissues and cells. They provide the cells with water and inorganic ions, while maintaining a physiological pH and osmotic pressure.
Sometimes glucose is added as an energy source and phenol red is used as a pH indicator.
In medicine, balanced salt solutions can be used as an irrigation solution such as during intraocular surgery and to replace intraocular fluids.Balanced salt solutions
- Alsever's solution
- Earle's balanced salt solution
- Gey's balanced salt solution
- Hanks' balanced salt solution
- Phosphate buffered saline
- Puck's balanced salt solution
- Ringer's balanced salt solution
- Simm's balanced salt solution
- TRIS-buffered saline
- Tyrode's balanced salt solution
Surgical irrigation solutions
- BSS
- * Composition per 1mL: sodium chloride 6.4 mg, potassium chloride 0.75 mg, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.48 mg, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.3 mg, sodium acetate trihydrate 3.9 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate 1.7 mg, sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid, and water for injection. The pH is approximately 7.5. The osmolality is approximately 300 mOsm/Kg.
- BSS Plus
- * Composition per 1mL : sodium chloride 7.14 mg, potassium chloride 0.38 mg, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.154 mg, magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.2 mg, dibasic sodium phosphate 0.42 mg, sodium bicarbonate 2.1 mg, dextrose 0.92 mg, glutathione disulfide 0.184 mg, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide, in water for injection. The reconstituted product has a pH of approximately 7.4. Osmolality is approximately 305mOsm.
