Baixing


Baixing is a term in Chinese meaning "the people", or "commoners". The word lao is often added before "baixing" to give the term a more affectionate tone.
Chinese family names are patrilineal, passed from father to children. Chinese women, after marriage, typically retain their birth surname. Historically, however, only Chinese men possessed xìng, in addition to shì ; the women had only the latter, and took on their husband's xìng after marriage.

Legendary origin

along the plain of the Yellow River, there lived several large tribes, including the Huangdi tribes, Yandi tribes, Yi tribes, and the Jiuli tribes. After, the Huangdi tribes, Yandi tribes and the Yi tribes formed an alliance which consisted of roughly 100 tribes, hence the origin of the Baixing, or the "hundred surnames". The three-tribe-alliance won the war over the Jiuli tribe, and the war captives became slaves of the alliance, hence the origin of the term Limin, who were formerly of the Jiuli tribe.

History

During the Western Zhou, Baixing came to mean "slaveowners" and Limin their slaves., the terms Baixing and Limin came to refer to the same thing, the common people.