BTR-D
The BTR-D is a Soviet airborne multi-purpose tracked armoured personnel carrier which was introduced in 1974 and first seen by the West in 1979 during the Soviet–Afghan War. BTR-D stands for Bronetransportyor Desanta. It is based on the BMD-1 airborne IFV. NATO gave it the designation BMD M1979.
Development history
In 1969, the BMD-1 airborne IFV entered service with the Soviet Army. The vehicle had many flaws, but the biggest one was that the troop compartment was extremely cramped and could only transport up to four infantrymen; this number was often reduced to three because it was impractical for four infantrymen to operate inside the troop compartment and dismount from the vehicle. Because of that, in the beginning of the 1970s, the Volgograd Tractor Factory design bureau, who designed the BMD-1, began designing a new airborne APC based on the BMD-1. The prototype was completed in 1974 and at the same year it entered production and service with the Soviet Army as the BTR-D.Description
Overview
While the BTR-D is based on the BMD-1, it is 60 mm longer and lacks a turret; instead, it has a small flat superstructure with a hatch on top.Crew
The crew consists of the driver, the commander and the left bow mounted machine gun gunner, all of whom are in the same positions and have the same equipment as in the BMD-1.Armament
Although the turret with all of the main armament was removed, the two bow mounted machine guns have been retained. However, the original PKT tank machine guns have been replaced by PKB general purpose machine guns. The vehicle can also be fitted with pintle-mounted automatic grenade launchers and/or machine guns.Maneuverability
The BTR-D is powered by the same engine as the BMD-1, however, its suspension is longer because the entire vehicle has been lengthened by 60 mm. Because of this, the vehicle has six roadwheels on each side instead of five. It also has five return rollers on each side unlike the BMD-1, which has four.Amphibious ability
Armour protection
The armour protection is slightly better on the BTR-D than on the BMD-1. That's because the upper front armour has a dual slanted angle.Troop compartment
Because the turret has been removed, the troop compartment has been enlarged and can carry up to ten fully equipped soldiers. It's also linked with the crew compartment in the front. Also, there are two firing ports in the sides and one in the rear, two of which are for RPK-74 light machine guns.Equipment
The BTR-D has all the same equipment as the BMD-1, but also has towing equipment for ZU-23-2 twin AA autocannon.Air-drop techniques
Service history
The BTR-D entered service with the Soviet Army in 1974 and was used by Soviet airborne troops during the Soviet–Afghan War, where it was seen for the first time by the West in 1979.As of now, the BTR-D and vehicles based on it are used by the following units of Russian Army or are stationed in following bases:
- 76th Guards Air Assault Division from Pskov, which is part of Western Military District, the subunits of this division include
- 98th Guards Airborne Division from Ivanovo, the subunits of this division include
- 106th Guards Airborne Division from Tula which is a part of the Western Military District, the subunits of this division include
- 7th Guards Mountain Air Assault Division from Novorossyysk, Southern Military District, the subunits of this division include
- 31st independent airborne brigade from Ul'yanovsk which is a part of the Central Military District.
- 45th independent Spetznaz regiment from Kubinka, Moscow.
- Ryazan airborne troops institute.
Variants
- BTR-D – Basic model.
- *BTR-DG – Cargo variant without bow machine guns, firing ports and periscopes. The troop compartment was modified to serve as a cargo compartment.
- ** BTR-DG converted into an airborne SPAAG fitted with a specially built three-legged ZU-23-2 twin anti-aircraft autocannon mount over the roof of the cargo compartment.
- * BTR-D San – BTR-D converted into an airborne armoured ambulance.
- * BREM-D – BTR-D converted into an airborne ARV. It carries specialized equipment for the repair and recovery of BMD-1 type vehicles. This equipment includes a light collapsible crane stored on the roof of the personnel compartment, which can be traversed through 180°, a recovery winch, a combination spade and dozer blade, a generator, towing equipment, electric welding system, tools and ready use spares. One of the 7.62 mm bow PKT tank machine guns was eliminated. This entered service in 1989 in very small numbers.
- * BTR-RD "Robot" – BTR-D converted into an airborne ATGM team carrier with two 9P135M-1 ATGM launchers capable of firing 9M113 "Konkurs", 9M113M "Konkurs-M", 9M111 "Fagot" and 9M111-2 "Fagot" ATGMs. They can be used by the dismounted ATGM squad or fitted on a pintle mount on the right side of the hull. This is basically a BTR-D with a pintle mount added and with missile racks inside the troop compartment.
- * BTR-ZD "Skrezhet" – BTR-D converted into an airborne air defense vehicle for carrying two MANPAD teams. The vehicle is fitted with racks for spare MANPAD missiles. It also is fitted with external stowage rails for a MANPAD on the right hand side of the roof of the troop compartment. It can also carry a complete ZU-23-2 twin anti-aircraft autocannon mount on the roof of the troop compartment.
- * NPDU "Sterkh" – BTR-D converted into an airborne unmanned aerial vehicle carrier and launch vehicle of the "Stroy-P" set. It is used to launch Yak-061 "Pchela-1T" UAV for reconnaissance or jamming at ranges up to 60 km. The single-rail launcher is mounted on left hand side of the roof of the hull. It has large three-piece tube on forward right hand side of the roof of the hull. It entered service in 1990.
- ** Malakite – Improved NPDU Sterkh.
- * BMD-1KSh "Soroka" – airborne command post equipped with the R-123M, R-111 and R-130M or R-134 radio sets, as well as an AB1 portable 1 kW generator, the TNA-3 navigation system, folding CLOTHES HORSE type antennae around the superstructure and two slim antenna masts. Bow mounted machine guns and firing ports were removed. The commander's hatch is offset to the left and does not project forward. It's sometimes called BMD-KSh or KShM-D.
- * BMD-1R "Sinitsa" – Division-level command and signals vehicle equipped with R-161A2M radio set, one heavy telescopic antenna mast stowed along the left hand side of the roof of the hull and one slim elevatable antenna mast on the rear right hand side of the roof of the personnel compartment. Only a small number was delivered.
- * R-440-ODB "Kristall-BDS" – BTR-D converted into an airborne satellite communications vehicle with R-440 system with a range of 15,000 km. The vehicle has a roof-mounted satellite dish AK-12 that is covered with a cage-like structure during transport.
- * 1V119 "Reostat" – BTR-D converted into an airborne artillery battalion fire direction vehicle. The vehicle is fitted with a turret equipped with NNP-21 and V-7 observation devices, three R-173 and R-159 radiosets, PAB-2AM aiming circle, three antennae mounts, DSP-30 and DAK-2 rangefinders. The turret was also equipped with PSNR-5K "Tall Mike" ground surveillance radar mounted on the roof of the turret. Located over the turret front sights were the visors hinged in the center.. Armscontrol.ru. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- * 2S9 Nona-S – Airborne self-propelled mortar, armed with a 120 mm 2A60 mortar. Entered service 1981.
Operators
Current operators
- – 117 in 1995, 22 in 2000, 2003 and 2005.
- – 44 BMD-1, BMD-1P and BTR-D.
- – 280 in active service.
- – 40 in 1995, 42 in 2000 and 44 in 2005.
- – 70 in 1995, 50 in 2000 and 2005.
Former operators
- – Passed on to successor states.