Bærum Tunnel


The Bærum Tunnel is a long double track railway tunnel in Bærum, Norway. Running between Marstranderveien and Engervannet, it will make up most of the long section of the Asker Line between Lysaker Station and Sandvika Station, which was taken into use on 26 August 2011. The tunnel was constructed from 2007 using the drilling and blasting method with three crosscuts. The tunnel has two tracks, is electrified and allows for maximum speeds of. The whole section between the stations is estimated to cost 2.7 billion Norwegian krone. The tunnel accelerates intercity and regional traffic west of Oslo and frees up capacity for the Oslo Commuter Rail.

Specifications

The Bærum Tunnel is long and is part of the long section of the Asker Line between Lysaker and Sandvika. At Engervannet, at the Sandvika end, the tunnel mouths out with two long arms, one on each side of the Drammen Line, allowing trains to connect to the correct direction of traffic through Sandvika. The excavated cross-section is. At the Lysaker end, the tunnel has an end-piece which consists of a long culvert and the Drammen Line branches off on both sides of the tunnel. The three crosscuts, at Blommenholm, Fossveien and Skallum, will be used as emergency exits. In addition, there are three additional exits, to allow for an emergency exit every, located at Ballerud, Engerjordet and Njålveien. Each consists of a spiral staircase up to deep. These are primarily intended to allow access for emergency personnel, rather than as an escape route for passengers. Each staircase ends in a smoke-tight room. The line has two tracks, is electrified at and allows for maximum speeds of.

History

The Asker Line runs from Lysaker Station via Sandvika Station to Asker Station, in the municipalities of Bærum and Asker. The line was built to increase the traffic on the west corridor. Prior to its opening, the only railway west of Oslo was the Drammen Line, which has limited capacity, and had a mix of local, regional, intercity and freight trains. This caused many delays and poor utilization of tracks, as some trains make many stops and others only a few. The Asker Line allows regional and intercity trains to by-pass local stations east of Asker, by running slower trains on the Drammen Line and faster trains on the new track. The Asker Line was built in two stages: the first from Asker to Sandvika was built from 2001 to 2005, and the second stage, from Sandvika to Lysaker, between 2007 and 2011. The other two tunnels on the Asker Line are the long Skaugum Tunnel and the long Tanum Tunnel.
There were four main contracts for building the line issued after public tenders. Three of these involved part of the tunnel, and were awarded to Skanska, Veidekke and NCC. Mesta, Mika, Bestonmast and Spesialprosjekt bid, but failed to win any contracts. Work was done from 06:00 through 02:00, and noisy work was avoided before 07:00 or after 22:00. Any work outside the tunnels was only done between 07:00 to 18:00, and from 08:00 to 16:00 on Saturdays. The tunnel was built using the drilling and blasting method, which involved blasting sections of of rock at a time, with a progress of per week per team. Blasting started on 26 June 2007. Construction was done from three crosscuts, a long section at Engervannet, a long section at Fossveien, and a long section at Skallum. At Skallum, a rinsing system for the water using in the tunneling was established, allowing the water to be recycled.
after the land slip caused by the construction
The tunneling resulted in of earthwork, most of which was used for the expansion of the Port of Drammen. It was transported away from the tunnel with up to 12 truckloads per hour. The first breakthrough took place on 5 June 2008. On 19 October 2008, there was a ground failure at a storage area of earthwork. This caused a land slip which pressed up earthwork nearby at Gjønnes Station on the Kolsås Line of the Oslo Metro ; a long section of one platform and track was pressed up, resulting in the other track lying on its side. Because of changes to European Union regulations after planning of the project, three extra emergency staircases had to be installed in late 2009. The final breakthrough in the tunnel occurred on 26 July 2009. The tunneling took place under the groundwater level. To avoid similar problems which occurred during the construction of the Romerike Tunnel, where massive leaks took a year to fix, several test bores were made in the area to measure the groundwater level. Any indications of a change would immediately be automatically communicated to the on-site geologists, who would be able to act accordingly. The system also automatically pumped water into the affected areas to compensate for any leaks until they could be fixed.
To make the tunnel water and frost tight, the walls were covered with polyethylene mats. Because they are highly flammable, they were then covered in a layer of gunite. Also installed were fire water pipes and ventilation systems to remove smoke. To sound-insulate the tunnel and avoid vibrations spreading to nearby housing, the entire tunnel was covered in a layer of rock wool. By December 2010, the ballast had been laid, and in January 2011 laying of the tracks and ties started. The work to build the tracks and overhead wires was contracted to Baneservice. The contract for the electro-technical installations was awarded to YIT Building Systems for NOK 120 million. As of 2006, the whole section from Lysaker to Sandvika was estimated to cost NOK 2.7 billion.
Freight trains started using the tunnel on 26 August 2011, and passenger trains on 28 August. The official opening took place on 2 September. Along with several other projects west of Oslo, including a new Lysaker Station and Høvik Station, and an upgrade to the Drammen Line between Lysaker and Etterstad, the completion of the Asker Line will allow higher service frequency, higher regularity and faster trains west of Oslo. A new high-frequency schedule, named Route Plan 2012, was planned for introduction in early 2013 following delivery of new Stadler FLIRT trains. This also allows for more trains that stop at all stations on the Drammen Line, for three hourly trains to Vestfold and for six hourly trains stopping at the main stations west of Oslo.