Azraq, Jordan


Azraq is a small town in Zarqa Governorate in central-eastern Jordan, east of Amman. The population of Azraq was 9,021 in 2004. The Muwaffaq Salti Air Base is located in Azraq.

History

Azraq has long been an important settlement in a remote and now-arid desert area of Jordan. The strategic value of the town and its castle is that it lies in the middle of the Azraq oasis, the only permanent source of fresh water in approximately 12,000 square kilometres of desert.
The town is located on a major desert route that would have facilitated trade within the region. The Azraq oasis has a long history beginning in the Lower Palaeolithic period. Many Palaeolithic sites have been documented in the Azraq Wetlands Reserve. During the Epipalaeolithic period the oasis was also an important focus of settlement.
Nabatean period settlement activity has also been documented in the area. Qasr Azraq was built by the Romans in the 3rd century AD, and was heavily modified in the Middle Ages by the Mameluks. In the Umayyad period a water reservoir was constructed in southern Azraq.
During the Arab Revolt in the early 20th century, Qasr Azraq was an important headquarters for T. E. Lawrence.
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The Azraq refugee camp, sheltering refugees of the Syrian Civil War, was opened in 2014 and is located west of Azraq. The site had been previously used during the Gulf War of 1990–91 as a transit camp for displaced Iraqis and Kuwaitis.

Demographics

According to the Jordan National Census of 2004, the population of Azraq was 9,021, of whom 7,625 were Jordanian citizens. 4,988 were males, and 4,033 females. The next census was conducted in 2014.

Wildlife reserve

Azraq is also notable as being the site of one of Jordan's seven protected nature reserve areas : the Azraq Wetlands Reserve in Azraq al-Janoubi.
The separate and larger Shaumari reserve is also close to Azraq, being only south of the town.