Arya metre


Āryā meter is a meter used in Sanskrit and Prakrit verses. A verse in āryā metre is in four metrical lines called pādas. Unlike the majority of meters employed in classical Sanskrit, the āryā meter is based on the number of mātrās per pāda. A short syllable counts for one mātrā, and a long syllable counts for two mātrās. It is believed that arya meter was taken from the gatha meter of Prakrit. Arya metre is common in Jain Prakrit texts and hence considered as favourite metre of early authors of Jainism. The earlier form of the arya metre is called old gati, which occurs in a some very early Prakrit and Pàli texts.

Āryā

The basic āryā verse has 12, 18, 12 and 15 mātrās in the first, second, third, and fourth pādas respectively. An example is the following from Kālidāsa's play Abhijñānaśākuntalam :
Another example is from Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita's Vairāgya-śataka :
The metrical treatise Vṛttaratnākara lays down several other conditions:
  1. Odd numbered mātrā-gaṇas should not be ja-gaṇa.
  2. The sixth gaṇa should be ja-gaṇa.

    Gīti

The gīti meter has 12, 18, 12 and 18 mātrās in its four pādas respectively.
Vṛttaratnākara lists several other conditions.

Upagīti

The upagīti meter has 12, 15, 12 and 15 mātrās in its four pādas respectively.
Vṛttaratnākara lists several other conditions.

Udgīti

The udgīti meter has 12, 15, 12 and 18 mātrās in its four pādas respectively.
Vṛttaratnākara lists several other conditions.

Āryāgīti

The āryāgīti meter has 12, 20, 12 and 20 mātrās in its four pādas respectively.
Vṛttaratnākara lists several other conditions.