Argyrodes
Argyrodes, also called dewdrop spiders, is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1864. They occur worldwide, and are best known for their kleptoparasitism. They can spin their own webs, but tend to invade and reside in their hosts' webs. This relationship can be commensal or even mutual if the dewdrop spider feeds on small trapped insects that are not eaten by the host. Some species can even prey upon the host.
Most species are relatively small, and many are black with silvery markings. A. incursus has a body length of, while A. fissifrons has a body length of about.
The genus name is a combination of the Ancient Greek "", meaning "silver", and the suffix "-odes", meaning "like".
Distribution
Most Argyrodes are found in the tropics, though fifteen species are found in the United States. Dewdrop spiders prefer large webs and clustered webs compared to small and isolated ones. Large webs tend to have more kleptoparasites than smaller ones. Isolated webs tend to have lesser number of kleptoparasites compared to clustered webs of the same size.Species
it contains ninety-three species and five subspecies, found in Asia, South America, North America, Oceania, Africa, the Caribbean, on the Canary Islands, and Saint Helena:- A. abscissus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Madagascar
- A. alannae Grostal, 1999 – Eastern Australia
- A. ambalikae Tikader, 1970 – India
- A. amboinensis Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia
- A. antipodianus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand
- A. apiculatus Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar
- A. argentatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Indonesia to China. Introduced to Hawaii
- A. argyrodes – Mediterranean to West Africa, Seychelles
- A. atriapicatus Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
- A. bandanus Strand, 1911 – Indonesia
- A. benedicti Lopez, 1988 – French Guiana
- A. binotatus Rainbow, 1915 – Australia
- A. bonadea – India, China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Philippines
- A. borbonicus Lopez, 1990 – Réunion
- A. callipygus Thorell, 1895 – Myanmar
- A. calmettei Lopez, 1990 – Réunion
- A. chionus Roberts, 1983 – Seychelles
- A. chiriatapuensis Tikader, 1977 – India
- A. chounguii Lopez, 2010 – Mayotte
- A. coactatus Lopez, 1988 – French Guiana
- A. cognatus – Seychelles
- A. convivans Lawrence, 1937 – South Africa
- A. cylindratus Thorell, 1898 – China, Myanmar to Japan
- A. cyrtophorae Tikader, 1963 – India
- A. delicatulus Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia
- A. dipali Tikader, 1963 – India
- A. elevatus Taczanowski, 1873 – USA to Argentina, Galapagos Is.
- A. exlineae – Kenya
- A. fasciatus Thorell, 1892 – Malaysia, Singapore
- A. fissifrons O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 – Sri Lanka to Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, China, Australia
- *Argyrodes f. terressae Thorell, 1891 – India
- A. fissifrontellus Saaristo, 1978 – Seychelles
- A. flavescens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Sri Lanka to Japan, New Guinea
- A. flavipes Rainbow, 1916 – Australia
- A. fragilis Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia
- A. gazedes Tikader, 1970 – India
- A. gazingensis Tikader, 1970 – India
- A. gemmatus Rainbow, 1920 – Australia
- A. gouri Tikader, 1963 – India
- A. gracilis – Australia, New Caledonia, Samoa
- A. hawaiiensis Simon, 1900 – Hawaii
- A. ilipoepoe Rivera & Gillespie, 2010 – Hawaii
- A. incertus Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
- A. incisifrons Keyserling, 1890 – Australia
- A. incursus Gray & Anderson, 1989 – Australia
- A. insectus Schmidt, 2005 – Cape Verde Is.
- A. jamkhedes Tikader, 1963 – India
- A. kratochvili – Kenya
- A. kualensis Hogg, 1927 – Malaysia
- A. kulczynskii – New Guinea
- A. kumadai Chida & Tanikawa, 1999 – China, Taiwan, Japan
- A. laja Rivera & Gillespie, 2010 – Hawaii
- A. lanyuensis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 1998 – Taiwan
- A. latifolium Liu, Irfan & Peng, 2019 – China
- A. lepidus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Zealand
- A. levuca Strand, 1915 – Fiji
- A. lucmae Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru
- A. maculiger Strand, 1911 – Indonesia
- A. margaritarius – Australia
- A. mellissi – St. Helena
- A. mertoni Strand, 1911 – Indonesia
- *Argyrodes m. poecilior Strand, 1913 – Central Africa
- A. miltosus Zhu & Song, 1991 – China
- A. minax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Madagascar, Comoros
- A. miniaceus – Korea, Japan to Australia
- A. modestus Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon
- A. nasutus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – Sri Lanka
- A. neocaledonicus Berland, 1924 – New Caledonia
- A. nephilae Taczanowski, 1873 – USA, Caribbean to Argentina, Galapagos Is. Introduced to India
- A. parcestellatus Simon, 1909 – Vietnam
- A. pluto Banks, 1906 – USA, Mexico, Jamaica
- A. praeacutus Simon, 1903 – Equatorial Guinea
- A. projeles Tikader, 1970 – India
- A. rainbowi – Australia
- A. reticola Strand, 1911 – Indonesia
- A. rostratus Blackwall, 1877 – Seychelles
- A. samoensis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – New Caledonia, Samoa
- A. scapulatus Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Is.
- A. scintillulanus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880 – India, Sri Lanka
- A. sextuberculosus Strand, 1908 – Mozambique, Madagascar
- *Argyrodes s. dilutior – Ethiopia
- A. strandi – Ethiopia
- A. stridulator Lawrence, 1937 – South Africa
- A. sublimis L. Koch, 1872 – Fiji
- A. sundaicus – Thailand, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
- A. tenuis Thorell, 1877 – Indonesia
- *Argyrodes t. infumatus Thorell, 1878 – Indonesia
- A. tripunctatus Simon, 1877 – Philippines
- A. unimaculatus – Samoa, Tongatabu, Niue
- A. vatovae – Ethiopia
- A. viridis – Madagascar, Réunion
- A. vittatus Bradley, 1877 – New Guinea
- A. weyrauchi Exline & Levi, 1962 – Peru
- A. wolfi Strand, 1911 – New Guinea
- A. yunnanensis Xu, Yin & Kim, 2000 – China
- A. zhui Zhu & Song, 1991 – China
- A. zonatus – Equatorial Guinea, East Africa, Madagascar, Réunion, Mayotte
- *Argyrodes z. occidentalis Simon, 1903 – Guinea-Bissau
- A. aculeatus
- A. acuminatus Keyserling, 1891
- A. acuminatus
- A. affinis
- A. alticeps Keyserling, 1891
- A. altus Keyserling, 1891
- A. amates Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. americanus
- A. analiae González & Carmen, 1996
- A. andamanensis Tikader, 1977
- A. angulipalpis
- A. anomalus
- A. argenteolus
- A. argentiopunctatus Rainbow, 1916
- A. argyrodiformis
- A. arthuri Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. atopus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. baboquivari Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. barycephalus Roberts, 1983
- A. birgitae
- A. bryantae Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. campestratus
- A. canariensis
- A. cancellatus
- A. carnicobarensis Tikader, 1977
- A. caronae González & Carmen, 1996
- A. caudatus
- A. ceraosus Zhu & Song, 1991
- A. chicaensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. chickeringi Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. cochleaformus
- A. colubrinus
- A. cometes
- A. concisus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. conus González & Carmen, 1996
- A. convolutus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. cordillera
- A. corniger
- A. cristinae González & Carmen, 1996
- A. crucinotus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
- A. cubensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. cylindricus Franganillo, 1936
- A. cylindrogaster
- A. darlingtoni Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. davisi Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. delicatulus
- A. dracus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. duckensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. ecaudatus
- A. exiguus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. fictilium
- A. flagellum
- A. flagellum
- A. flavonotatus
- A. floridanus Banks, 1900
- A. frontatus Banks, 1908
- A. fulvus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. fur Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
- A. gansuensis Zhu, 1998
- A. gapensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. gertschi Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. globosus Keyserling, 1884
- A. godmani Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. haitensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. helminthoides
- A. huangsangensis Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004
- A. hyrcanus Logunov & Marusik, 1990
- A. iguazuensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. indignus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. irroratus
- A. jamaicensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. jeanneli
- A. labiatus Zhu & Song, 1991
- A. lactifer
- A. laraensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. leonensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. levii Zhu & Song, 1991
- A. longispinus Saito, 1933
- A. longissimus
- A. longus
- A. manta
- A. mariae González & Carmen, 1996
- A. martinae
- A. melanosoma
- A. metaltissimus
- A. mexicanus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. miyashitai Tanikawa, 1998
- A. monoceros
- A. montanus Keyserling, 1884
- A. morretensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. nasicus
- A. nataliae González & Carmen, 1996
- A. nigronodosus Rainbow, 1912
- A. nigroris Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 2000
- A. nipponicus Kumada, 1990
- A. obscurus Keyserling, 1884
- A. orbitus Zhu, 1998
- A. oris González & Carmen, 1996
- A. ornatissimus
- A. pachysomus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. palmarensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. paradoxus Taczanowski, 1873
- A. parvior Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. parvus
- A. patersoniensis
- A. pavesii
- A. peruensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. pignalitoensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. pizai
- A. plaumanni Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. pozonae
- A. proboscifer
- A. pulcher
- A. pusillus Saaristo, 1978
- A. quasiobtusus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. recurvatus Saaristo, 1978
- A. remotus
- A. rhomboides Yin, Peng & Bao, 2004
- A. rigidus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. rioensis Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. rorerae
- A. rossi Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. rostratus
- A. rufopictus
- A. russulus
- A. saganus
- A. schlingeri Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. setipes
- A. sicki Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. simoni
- A. sinicus Zhu & Song, 1991
- A. sinuatus
- A. sjostedti
- A. socius Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. solidao Levi, 1967
- A. spinicaudatus
- A. spinosus
- A. spinosus Keyserling, 1884
- A. striatus Keyserling, 1891
- A. subflavus Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. sullana
- A. taeter Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. tanikawai
- A. triangularis Taczanowski, 1873
- A. triangulatus
- A. triangulus
- A. trigonum
- A. trituberculatus Becker, 1879
- A. ululabilis Keyserling, 1891
- A. urquharti
- A. v-notatus
- A. vadoensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. velhaensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. vexus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936
- A. vittatulus
- A. woytkowskii Exline & Levi, 1962
- A. xiphias Thorell, 1887
- A. yacuiensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. yesoensis Saito, 1934
- A. yutoensis González & Carmen, 1996
- A. meus Strand, 1907
- A. silvicola Saito, 1934
Gallery