HBase is an open-sourcenon-relationaldistributed database modeled after Google'sBigtable and written in Java. It is developed as part of Apache Software Foundation's Apache Hadoop project and runs on top of HDFS or Alluxio, providing Bigtable-like capabilities for Hadoop. That is, it provides a fault-tolerant way of storing large quantities of sparse data. HBase features compression, in-memory operation, and Bloom filters on a per-column basis as outlined in the original Bigtable paper. Tables in HBase can serve as the input and output for MapReduce jobs run in Hadoop, and may be accessed through the Java API but also through REST, Avro or Thrift gateway APIs. HBase is a column-oriented key-value data store and has been widely adopted because of its lineage with Hadoop and HDFS. HBase runs on top of HDFS and is well-suited for faster read and write operations on large datasets with high throughput and low input/output latency. HBase is not a direct replacement for a classic SQL database, however Apache Phoenix project provides a SQL layer for HBase as well as JDBC driver that can be integrated with various analytics and business intelligence applications. The Apache Trafodion project provides a SQL query engine with ODBC and JDBC drivers and distributed ACID transaction protection across multiple statements, tables and rows that use HBase as a storage engine. HBase is now serving several data-driven websites but Facebook's Messaging Platform recently migrated from HBase to MyRocks. Unlike relational and traditional databases, HBase does not support SQL scripting; instead the equivalent is written in Java, employing similarity with a MapReduce application. In the parlance of Eric Brewer’s CAP Theorem, HBase is a CP type system.
History
Apache HBase began as a project by the company Powerset out of a need to process massive amounts of data for the purposes of natural-language search. It is now a top-level Apache project. Facebook elected to implement its new messaging platform using HBase in November 2010, but migrated away from HBase in 2018. , the 1.2.x series is the current stable release line.
