Andasol is the first parabolic trough power plant in Europe, and Andasol 1 went online in March 2009. Because of the high altitude and the semi-arid climate, the site has exceptionally high annual direct insolation of 2,200 kWh/m² per year. Each plant has a gross electricity output of 50 megawatts and 49.9 MWe net, producing around 165 gigawatt-hours per year. The collectors installed have a combined surface area of 51 hectares ; it occupies about 200 ha of land. Andasol has a thermal storage system which absorbs part of the heat produced in the solar field during the day. This heat is then stored in a molten salt mixture of 60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate. This process almost doubles the number of operational hours at the solar thermal power plant per year. Each unit fully loaded storage system holds 1,010 MW·ht of heat, enough to run the turbine and produce electricity for about 7.5 hours at full-load, in case of overcast skies or after sunset. The heat reservoirs each consist of two tanks measuring 14 m in height and 36 m in diameter and containing molten salt. Andasol 1 is able to supply environmentally friendly solar electricity for up to 200,000 people. Andasol consists of 3 projects: Andasol-1, Andasol-2 and Andasol-3. Each project generates approximately 165 GW-h each per year. The total cost of building the three projects was estimated to €900 million.
Rationale
Andasol 1 cost around €300 million to build. Thermal energy storage costs roughly US$50 per kWh of capacity, according to Greg Glatzmaier of the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, totaling about 13% of Andasol's initial cost. The developers say Andasol's electricity will cost €0.271 per kilowatt-hour to produce. Under current government policy in Spain, solar-thermal electricity will receive a feed-in tariff of just under €0.27/kW·h for the next 25 years. Like every power plant with a thermal engine, cooling is needed for the working fluid. As Andasol is built in the warm middle of the south of Spain, every Andasol unit vaporizes 870.000 m³ water per year, or 5 l/kWh. Most power plants vaporize less water, or close to none if they are cooled by river or sea water. Although water supply is generally a problem in Spain, Andasol has ample supply due to its location near the Sierra Nevadamountain range.
Developers Andasol 1 & 2
The developer of the Andasol 1 and Andasol 2 plants are Solar Millennium and ACS Cobra. After planning, engineering and construction Solar Millennium sold their shares to ACS Group. In 2017, the two international funds, Antin Infrastructure Partners and Deutsche Asset Management's infrastructure investment business, and the Spanish construction company Cobra Sistemas y Redes, sold full ownership to Cubico Sustainable Investments Limited. In 2018, the ICSID – the World Bank's International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes – issued a ruling that required Spain to pay €112 million to Antin Infrastructure Partners, which had claimed €218 million over the cuts to renewable energies subsidies in 2010.
Developers Andasol 3
Andasol 3 is developed by the consortium of Solar Millennium and MAN Ferrostaal. Marquesado Solar SL is the investor consortium which is going to commission and operate Andasol 3. Shareholders of Marquesado Solar SL are:
