Amphiuridae


Amphiuridae are a large family of brittle stars of the suborder Gnathophiurina. Some species are used to study echinoderm development and bioluminescence.

Characteristics

Amphiuridae are generally small brittlestars. Their jaws are always with two apical papillae at the tip, and one or more papillae on each side.

Systematics and phylogeny

Amphiuridae are the most diverse family of Ophiurida with over 200 species. The family contains the following genera:
In addition, two extinct genera are known:
Amphiuridae are found in oceans worldwide from tropics to Arctic and Antarctic regions, with some species living in brackish water. They live mostly by burrowing in the seafloor or hiding under rocks. Most of them are herbivores feeding directly on algae, or detritus feeders, using their long arms to direct organic materials towards their mouths.
Though most amphiurid brittlestars broadcast their eggs and sperm into the sea, many species in this family are "brooders" and carry their young in bursae. One species, Amphiodia akosmos from the Monterey Peninsula of California, was found with up to 11 brooding embryos in one adult.