Amphicynodontinae
Amphicynodontinae is a probable clade of extinct arctoids. While some researchers consider this group to be an extinct subfamily of bears, a variety of morphological evidence links amphicynodontines with pinnipeds, as the group were semi-aquatic otter-like mammals. In addition to the support of the pinniped–amphicynodontine clade, other morphological and some molecular analyses support bears being the closest living relatives to pinnipeds. According to McKenna and Bell Amphicynodontinae are classified as stem-pinnipeds in the superfamily Phocoidea. Fossils of these mammals have been found in Europe, North America and Asia. Amphicynodontines should not be confused with Amphicyonids, a separate family of Carnivora which is a sister clade to arctoids within the caniforms, but which may be listed as a clade of extinct arctoids in older publications.Systematics
- Subfamily †Amphicynodontinae
- * †Amphicticeps
- ** †Amphicticeps makhchinus
- ** †Amphicticeps dorog
- ** †Amphicticeps shackelfordi
- * †Parictis
- ** †Parictis primaevus
- ** †Parictis personi
- ** †Parictis montanus
- ** †Parictis parvus
- ** †Parictis gilpini
- ** †Parictis dakotensis
- * †Kolponomos
- ** †Kolponomos newportensis
- ** †Kolponomos clallamensis
- * †Allocyon
- ** †Allocyon loganensis
- * †Pachycynodon
- ** †Pachycynodon tedfordi
- ** †Pachycynodon tenuis
- ** †Pachycynodon filholi
- ** †Pachycynodon boriei
- ** †Pachycynodon crassirostris
- * †Amphicynodon
- ** †Amphicynodon mongoliensis
- ** †Amphicynodon teilhardi
- ** †Amphicynodon typicus
- ** †Amphicynodon chardini
- ** †Amphicynodon cephalogalinus
- ** †Amphicynodon gracilis
- ** †Amphicynodon crassirostris
- ** †Amphicynodon brachyrostris
- ** †Amphicynodon leptorhynchus
- ** †Amphicynodon velaunus
