"All Things Bright and Beautiful" is an Anglicanhymn, also sung in many other Christian denominations. The words are by Cecil Frances Alexander and were first published in her Hymns for Little Children. The melody originated from the 17th-century English country dance tune "The 29th of May." This was later adapted by Martin Shaw and William Henry Monk. There have also been other adaptations, such as a full choral piece by John Rutter. In earlier editions of the Church of Scotland's Church Hymnary, the tunes "God in Nature" by John Stainer and "All Things Bright" by Frederick Arthur Gore Ouseley had been used. The chorus has been recommended as a Christian song for children to learn, even for children as young as five years of age.
History
The hymn was first published in 1848 in Mrs Cecil Alexander's Hymns for Little Children. It consists of a series of stanzas that elaborate upon verses of the Apostles' Creed. It may have been inspired by Psalm 104, verses 24 and 25: "Oh Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches. So is this great and wide sea, wherein are things creeping innumerable, both small and great beasts". The hymn may have been inspired as well by a verse from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner: "He prayeth best, who loveth best; All things great and small; For the dear God who loveth us; He made and loveth all." Alternatively, inspiration may have come from William Paley's Natural Theology, published in 1802, that argues for God as the designer of the natural world. For example, the hymn's second verse alludes to "wings" and verse 7 refers to "eyes". Paley cited wings and eyes as examples of complexity of design, analogous to that of a watch, with God as the Divine Watchmaker. Alexander's composition of the hymn's text has been attributed to three locations: Llanwenarth House in Govilon, Monmouthshire – the refrain "The purple headed mountains, The river running by" possibly referring to the Sugar Loaf and Blorenge mountains and to the River Usk; Markree Castle near Sligo, and Minehead and the nearby village of Dunster in 1848, in which case the "purple headed mountain" might refer to Grabbist Hill and the river to the River Avill.
Words
Alexander's text reads: :1. Many later versions and performances of the hymn omit the third verse. The United Church of Canada includes a fourth verse: "The rocky mountain splendour, / the lone wolf's haunting call, / the Great Lakes and the prairies, / the forest in the fall."
Cultural references
The second line was used as the title to James Herriot's book All Creatures Great and Small, which was centred around a veterinarian practice in 1930s Yorkshire in Northern England. Subsequently it became the title of the film and television series. Later Herriot used the rest of the lines of the refrain for the books that followed: All Things Bright and Beautiful, All Things Wise and Wonderful, and The Lord God Made Them All. In the 1970 film Beneath the Planet of the Apes, a congregation of mutated humans, who worship an atomic bomb, sing a hymn adapted from All Things Bright and Beautiful. Script-writer Paul Dehn specifically wanted his new lyrics to be used not as a parody, but to emphasise that the mutants genuinely regarded themselves as beautiful. The hymn was parodied by The Goodies on their 1978 The Goodies Beastly Record as "I'm a Carnivore". They had previously recorded a cover of it on their 1973 The Goodies Sing Songs from The Goodies and an earlier version was heard on the BBC Radio show I'm Sorry I'll Read That Again, of whose cast all three Goodies were part, in 1966. It was also parodied by the Monty Python song "All Things Dull and Ugly", included on their 1980 album Monty Python's Contractual Obligation Album and on the 1989 collection Monty Python Sings. The music of the William Henry Monk arrangement is used in a famous 1988 television advertisement for the Australian RSPCA, still shown on Australian television. The advertisement shows numerous animals passing by the viewer in front of a plain background while the music plays. At the end of the parade of animals, a voice states: "RSPCA. For all creatures great and small". Comedian Stewart Lee parodied the hymn with a routine that deconstructed its lyrics, criticising the redundancy in them through the use of a Venn diagram. The title of the poem is also the title for the third studio album by the synthpop act Owl City, released in June 2011. The Hong Kong animated McDull films contain a childish version of the song sung in a Cantonese accent by The Pancakes. A cinema advert for the environmental group Friends of the Earth's Scottish branch depicted the world disappearing while a single child sings the first verse of the song, amending the last line to "All gone; we killed them all". Michael Markowski quotes the melody in his 2009 concert band composition, Instinctive Travels. This song plays in the background of Donna and Joe's wedding in a 2015 episode of Parks and Recreation.
