Alketas was born in Thessaloniki, Greece on 30 May 1934. Alketas started his football career as a player for Aris Thessaloniki F.C. in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Coaching career
After finishing his first degree, he moved to the United States, where he attended the University of New York City. There he coached the Greek American Atlas to three consecutive National Challenge Cup titles in 1967, 1968, and 1969. He returned to Athens, Greece as the assistant coach of the Greece national football team, under the famous Northern Ireland coach Billy Bingham, in 1972. In the next year, he became head coach of the Greek National Football team. He coached the Greek team from 1973–1981, including the first appearance of Greece in the Euro of 1980, in Italy. That remained the only time Greece had qualified for the Euro tournament until 2004, when they won the championship. He coached the famous Olympiacos C.F.P. from 1981–1983, earning the championship title in 1982 and 1983. He returned to the United States to become the head coach of the United States men's national soccer team, Team America, based in Washington, DC, RFK Stadium, from 1983 – 1985. He served as head coach of the United States Olympic Soccer team in the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He subsequently returned to Athens, Greece to coach Olympiacos C.F.P., earning the championship title in 1987. He also coached Aris FC from 1987– 1990 and Levadiakos from 1991–1992. He returned as head coach of the Greek National Football team in 1992 and led the team to its first appearance in a World Cup in 1994. Although he was very popular among Greek fans at the time, the dreadful performance of the National Team in the World Cup was perceived largely as a national disgrace and he attracted widespread criticism. He coached Iraklis FC in 1997 and coached Aris Thessaloniki F.C. from 1998– 1999.
Later career
Following his retirement from coaching, Panagoulias served as President of Aris Thessaloniki F.C. in 2002. During the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, he served as venue manager for the soccer events held in Athens. His biography, was published in Greece in November 2007. He was elected member of the city council of Thessaloniki, and was a candidate for the Greek Parliament and a candidate for the European Parliament representing Greece in 1993. He was a FIFA instructor, a National Faculty member of the US Academy of Sports and a member of the USSF Coaches Council. Panagoulias was a member of the U.S. Soccer Federation Hall of Fame. In 2014, the side street adjacent to Aris Thessaloniki F.C. stadium,, was named after him following a decision by the City Council of the Municipality of Thessaloniki.