Akizuki-class destroyer (1942)


The Akizuki-class destroyers was a class of destroyers of the Imperial Japanese Navy built during World War II to complement the, primarily for the role of anti-aircraft screening for carrier battle groups. The class was also designated the Type-B Destroyer, from their plan name. During the war, the class proved to be a very capable multipurpose platform and was well regarded in the IJN.

Design and description

The Akizuki-class was built using the newly developed Type 98 dual-purpose guns in four twin mounts as its main battery. The four turrets were placed in pairs fore and aft, with the middle positions located in a superfiring position. Unlike the larger weapons mounted by the preceding Kagerō-class, these were true dual-purpose guns with a high reliability, rate of fire and range. It was intended that each vessel be fitted with two Type 94 fire-control directors capable of targeting high-angle targets, to be mounted above the bridge and in a small deckhouse near the aft mount: however, due to production shortages, the last five vessels in the class never received their second Type 94, and eventually it was removed from the aft position on all ships, and that location used for a triple Type 96 AA gun mount. Two twin-mount Type 96s were also located amidships.
Before the design was finalized, the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff Office intervened, and insisted on the addition of a centerline-mounted Type 92 quadruple torpedo launcher with reloads, firing the Type 93 "Long Lance" torpedo. The class also carried two Type 94 depth charge projectors and 54 depth charges. These were increased to 72 depth charges for some of the later production vessels.
The hull was 50 feet longer, and the displacement was 700 tons larger than the preceding Kagerō-class. Propulsion was by two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving a single propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of for a design speed of. Unlike previous Japanese destroyer designs, there were two separate engine and boiler rooms for increased survivability in battle.
The Akizuki-class also were among the first Japanese destroyers equipped with the Type 21 air-search radar, which was mounted on all but the and. Ships surviving to 1944 also received the Type 13 radar, and the last five vessels in the class had the Type 21 replaced by the new Type 22 radar, and an additional Type 13 added to their EW suite.
In terms of anti-aircraft capability, as the war progressed, the number of Type 96 guns were gradually increased. In 1942-1943, the twin-mounts were replaced by triple-mounts, and another two triple-mount were added abreast the smokestack. In late 1944 to early 1945, surviving members of the class received another triple-mount abreast the bridge, and up to 24 more single-mounts were added to various locations, giving each vessel a total of 41 guns.

Operational history

Six of this class were authorized in 1939 Maru 4 Programme and another ten in the 1941 Maru Kyū Programme. Only one of the last four was even laid down before all were canceled. Later units of the Fuyutsuki and Michitsuki subclasses were completed to a simplified hull shape to decrease production time.
Another slightly larger group of 16 ships to an improved design of 2,933 tons was authorized in the 1942 Additional Naval Armaments Supplement Programme. This Programme was later subsumed into the Modified 5th Naval Armaments Supplement Programme with a total of 23 ships of 2,701 tons planned to follow. All of these were canceled before construction started.
Only six vessels survived the war, and four were used for war reparations.

Ships in classes

''Akizuki'' class

Project number F51. General production type of the Akizuki class. Seven vessels were built under the Maru 4 Programme and the Maru Kyū Programme.
Ship #ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCompletedFate
104 Maizuru Naval Arsenal30 June 19402 July 194111 June 1942Sunk during the Battle off Cape Engaño on 25 October 1944. Removed from navy list on 10 December 1944.
105 Mitsubishi-Nagasaki Shipyard13 November 194021 November 194131 August 1942Heavily damaged by USS PT-37 and PT-40 off Savo Island on 11 December 1942. Scuttled on 12 December 1942. Removed from navy list on 20 January 1943.
106 Mitsubishi-Nagasaki Shipyard15 March 19413 March 194229 December 1942Survived war at Sasebo. Decommissioned on 20 November 1945. Converted to breakwater at Kitakyūshū in July 1948.
107 Maizuru Naval Arsenal25 July 19413 April 194229 December 1942Sunk during the Battle off Cape Engaño on 25 October 1944. Removed from navy list on 10 December 1944.
108 Mitsubishi-Nagasaki Shipyard8 December 194129 June 194231 March 1943Sunk during the Battle of Kula Gulf on 6 July 1943. Removed from navy list on 10 September 1943.
109 Mitsubishi-Nagasaki Shipyard9 March 194224 November 194231 May 1943Sunk during the Battle of Ormoc Bay on 11 November 1944. Removed from navy list on 10 January 1945.
360 Mitsubishi-Nagasaki Shipyard6 July 19427 April 194331 March 1944Sunk by off Anambas Islands on 25 November 1944. Removed from navy list on 10 January 1945.

''Fuyutsuki'' class

Project number F51. The Fuyutsuki subclass were originally going to be built to the same specifications as the Akizuki class but construction was more simplified. Four vessels were built under the Maru Kyū Programme. Main differences from the Akizuki class were simplified bow design, removed rear deck house, and fitted two-dimensional air inlet for boilers. However, the IJN was not satisfied with the design. More modifications were ordered, leading to the Michitsuki subclass.
Ship #ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCompletedFate
361 Maizuru Naval Arsenal8 May 194320 January 194425 May 1944Survived war at Kitakyūshū. Decommissioned on 20 November 1945. Converted to breakwater at Kitakyūshū in July 1948.
362 Sasebo Naval Arsenal23 December 19433 August 194428 December 1944Survived war at Kure. Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union on 28 August 1947 and renamed Vnezapniy.
363 Uraga Dock Company25 August 194325 September 194431 January 1945Survived war at Nōmi. Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Republic of China on 29 August 1947 and renamed Fen Yang. Scrapped in 1963.
364 Sasebo Naval Arsenal1 May 19442 December 19448 April 1945Survived war at Kitakyūshū. Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom on 25 August 1947. Sold and scrapped at Uraga in September 1947-March 1948.

''Michitsuki'' class

Project number F53. Final production model of the Akizuki class. Simplified more than Fuyutsuki class. Comprised the remaining 5 vessels from the Maru Kyū Programme and 16 vessels from the Additional Naval Armaments Supplement Programme. As the 1941 Additional Naval Armaments Supplement Programme was replaced by the Maru 5 Programme, the 16 Michitsuki class were re-planned to #5061-5076, to which were added another 6 vessels of this design - #5077-5082. However, only 1 vessel was completed.
Ship #ShipBuilderLaid downLaunchedCompletedFate
365Michitsuki Sasebo Naval Arsenal3 January 194516% complete, construction stopped on 17 April 1945. Scrapped on 28 February 1948.
366 Maizuru Naval Arsenal10 February 194410 October 194426 December 1944Survived war at western Inland Sea. Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to United States on 29 August 1947 and renamed DD-934. Sunk as target off the Gotō Islands on 3 February 1948.
367KiyotsukiMaizuru Naval ArsenalCancelled on 14 December 1944.
368ŌtsukiSasebo Naval ArsenalCancelled on 14 December 1944.
369HazukiMaizuru Naval ArsenalCancelled on 14 December 1944.
5061YamazukiCancelled on 14 December 1944.
5062UrazukiCancelled on 14 December 1944.
5063AogumoCancelled on 14 December 1944.
5064BenigumoCancelled on 14 December 1944.
5065HarugumoCancelled on 14 December 1944.
5066AmagumoCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5067YaegumoCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5068FuyugumoCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5069YukigumoCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5070OkitsukazeCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5071ShimokazeCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5072AsagochiCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5073ŌkazeCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5074KochiCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5075NishikazeCancelled on 9 June 1944.
5076HaeCancelled on 9 June 1944.

When the 16 vessels were ordered as #770-785, their names were to have been Arashikaru, Asahikari, Chugao, Hikugumo, Hikushio, Hitonozi, Kaosame, Karuiyuki, Kitakaze, Natsukaze, Nishikaze, Nobikaze, Shimushio, Soragumo, Yugachio and Yugao. When these orders were subsumed into the replacements #5061-5082, these names were replaced by those shown above, with the addition of another 6 names.