Akhoond


An akhoond is a Persian title for an Islamic cleric, common in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Azerbaijan. Other names for similar Muslim clerics include sheikh and mullah.
The Standard Chinese word for imam, used in particular by the Hui people, also derives from this term.

Duty

Akhoonds are responsible for leading religious services in a community. Akhoonds lead the prayers in the mosques, deliver religious sermons and perform religious ceremonies, such as birth rites and funeral services. They also often teach in Islamic schools known in Iran as hawzas and in other countries as madrasas.
Akhoonds will usually have completed some studies in a hawzeh, studying various Islamic and non-Islamic subjects such as Sharia, fiqh, Quran, and basic mathematics. They commonly dress in religious attire.

Old usage

This term was traditionally a slang term in Iran, and it has been completely a derogatory term since the Pahlavi era. In Iran, they are also called mullah, molavi, sheikh, haj-agha, or rohani. The word rohani means "spiritual, holy". Rohani is considered a more polite term for Muslim clerics, used by Iranian national television and radio and by devout Muslim families. Akhoond is increasingly outmoded in Iran, usually with only the older clerics having the title as part of their name. It has not been used widely as a title since the Qajar dynasty.
In Afghanistan, and among the Pashtuns of the Afghan-Pakistan border region, the term is still current in its original sense as an honorific.

Use in personal names

The Azerbaijani surname Akhundov is formed from the word akhund.
The Bangladeshi surname Akond/Akand, or Akhond/Akhand is formed from the word akhund.