This electronic keyboard is an 8-voice polyphonic, digitally controlled analogue synthesizer. It has 64 memory locations for sounds, arranged in two banks of 32 each, plus a bank of 32 factory preset sounds. The instrument has basic MIDI implementation, but lacks the ability to save or restore sounds except by using cassette tape.
Front panel
The front panel has a volume knob, a master tuning knob, a data entry knob for programming patches, modulation and pitch wheels with knobs for the depth of the effect, and various buttons to switch on and off modulation destinations, enable chord memory, transpose the keyboard, or infinitely sustain notes. The case is black metal with fluorescent displays to indicate the status of different synthesis parameters, and black rubberized end pieces. Other version, possible earlier may have gloss painted wood ends.
Back panel
The back panel is unusual in that it is tilted from vertical so that the connectors can be seen from the front of the instrument. There are quarter-inch jacks for recording data to cassette tape, sustain and program change footpedal jacks, MIDI in, out and "thru" DIN connectors, a monaural quarter-inch audio output, a quarter-inch headphone jack, and memory protect and power switches. Some models have a voltage selection for the power supply on the underneath of the synth.
The keyboard is five octaves and is unweighted. It has velocity, but not aftertouch, sensitivity. The output MIDI velocity values span the full range, but only discrete "steps" are used. It uses rubber keypad type membrane switches, rather than J-wires. A common issue can be keys not working. This can be due to contamination under these pads.
Voice architecture and sound programming
Voice architecture
The synthesizer voices are somewhat similar to those found in the Roland JX-3P or Teisco SX-240, in that there are two oscillators per voice, with the option of sawtooth and/or square waveforms. These oscillators are controlled digitally with analog circuitry used only to create the sawtooth waveshape. OSC2 can be synchronized to OSC1, or the two oscillators can be cross-modulated. The OSCs can be separated by semitone intervals and detuned. There is pulse-width modulation of the square wave of OSC1 and a square-wave sub-oscillator that is fixed at one octave lower. OSC2's pitch can be modulated by one of the two ADSR envelope generators, which are dedicated to VCAvolume and VCFcutoff frequency. The filter is a 24dB/octave resonant lowpass type, and there is also a separate 12 dB/octave highpass filter that is not envelope controlled. Tracking of filter cutoff frequency with keyboard position is fully variable, allowing for sounds to become either "brighter" or "darker" as higher notes are played. Keyboard velocity can affect volume and/or filter cutoff. The modulation section of this synthesizer features four low-frequency oscillators. Three of these each have four available waveforms, and these LFOs are dedicated to filter cutoff, and pitch of each of the two oscillators. These also have a programmable delay before their effect sets in. The fourth LFO is dedicated to pulse-width modulation of OSC1, and only its rate and depth are programmable. There is also a programmable output level for each patch, to help balance loud and soft sounds. Notably missing from the voice architecture are white noise and portamento.
Performance controls
The AX80 has knobs for master volume and tuning, and a data entry knob that can be used to alter the currently selected parameter in real-time, although the value will jump to the knob's current position. There are various switches to select modulation destinations controlled by the modulation wheel, to enable chord memory or infinite sustain of notes, and to select or edit sounds. The pitch-bend and modulation wheels also have knobs governing the depth of the effect of each. Footswitches can control sustain or switch sounds by moving up one patch at a time.
MIDI implementation
The AX80 has fairly standard MIDI implementation for an instrument of this vintage, with the ability to use any channel for transmission or reception. The instrument does not recognize the MIDI tuning request, nor does it allow for saving or loading sounds to a computer via system-exclusive data dumps.
Other information
The AX80 was designed by Kazuo Morioka. He previously ran his own synthesizer company, Hillwood, also known as Firstman, from 1972 up until the early 1980s, with his synthesizers released by Multivox in North America, before joining Akai in the early 1980s. He also designed other Akai Music Studio System instruments in the early 1980s, such as the MG1212 multitrack tape recorder.
Accessories
When it was released, Akai advertised various accessories for the AX80: a footswitch, the FC-X80 flight case, HC-X80 hard case, SC-X80 soft case, and a vinyl dust cover.
An AX80 appears in the video for Kim Mitchell's song "All We Are", played by Pye Dubois, although the manufacturer's name is blacked out. Greek synth-pop duo Marsheaux and U.K alternative act Spacehotel are also said to use the AX80, as is Mark Bell of LFO on Björk's Homogenic album.
Literature
Full-page advertisements with the slogan "Simply...Awesome!" ran in Keyboard Magazine during the mid-1980s. The AX80 also appears in the price lists at the end of both editions of Mark Vail’s Vintage Synthesizers. The second edition contains a footnote: "If you can get around the interfaces on the Akai AX-series synths, Wes Taggart reports that 'a good-sounding synth lies beneath'". Jim Aikin reviewed the AX80 in Keyboard Magazine in January 1985, noting it has a "warm, full sound, and can deliver a full palette of musically useful tone colors.... an excellent first entry into the keyboard market, by a company that we're sure to be seeing more from." Keyboard also printed a capsule summary in its new product profile "Spec Sheet" feature. There is also a two-page review in Complete Guide to Synthesizers, Sequencers, and Drum Machines, by Dean Friedman.
