Afrasiab Khattak was born in a small village known as Mandoori Khaderkhal in Lachi, Kohat District. After receiving early education from Kohat, Khattak was admitted to the Peshawar University. There, Khattak obtained a bachelor's degree in Russian history and a BSc in Political Science. During this time, Khattak was also the student leader at the local university union and took active participation during his college times. During this time, Khattak became an active member of Communist Party of Pakistan. He was an active leftist politician during the 1970s and 1980s. Khattak spent many years in self-exile in Afghanistan during the 1980s, due to his strong opposition to General Zia-ul-Haq's military rule. After his return from Afghanistan, Khattak contested the general elections from Karak in 1990 but lost to Aslam Khattak.
Communism
Afrasiab Khattak joined the Communist Party of Pakistan during the 1960s and by some accounts became its Secretary General. However, Khattak later allied himself with left-wing Awami National Party and campaigned during the 1977 parliamentary elections. However, after General Zia-ul-Haq authorised the purge to curbed down the communist-socialist mass, Khattak took refuge in Soviet Union and later returned to Afghanistan as top Russian adviser to Afghan government. Afrasiab Khattak lived in self-exile in Kabul from August 1980 to January 1989. He never had any formal responsibility in Afghanistan and lived there along with other Pakistani opposition politicians like Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's sons, Ajmal Khattak, Khair Bakhsh Marri, and thousands of Baloch dissidents. Afrasiab had a very close personal relationship with Dr. Najibullah dating back to the early 1980s. When Dr. Najeeb was brutally murdered by hidden hands in his connivance in September 1996, Afrasaib along with other progressive and nationalist politicians organised protest demonstrations in Peshawar for three days. In 1990, Khattak formed the Quami Inquilabi Party, a Marxist party, after parting ways with the ANP of Abdul Wali Khan in 1989, he subsequently merged his group to form the Pakhtunkhwa Qaumi Party along with Abdul Latif Afridi and Afzal Khan Lala.
Afrasiab Khattak joined the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan in 1989, and served as the Vice-Chairman of HRCP in North-West Frontier Province, for three years – he is also one of the founders of the Afghanistan Pakistan People's Friendship Association. In April 1999, he was threatened by extremist factions for demonstrating against "honour" killing in Peshawar. On 2 May 1999, he was unanimously elected Chairperson of HRCP for a three-year-term. Re-elected in 2002, he resigned from the post after he rejoined the Awami National Party. He is also a known constitutional expert and a practising lawyer of Supreme Court and High court.
Rejoining the ANP
He was elected in 2006 as the provincial president of the Awami National Party, leading the party to provincial victory in Pakistan's elections of 2008. Afrasiab khattak has been elected as Senator from the Pukhtoonkhwa Assembly in March 2009. He has also been elected as Chairman of the Senate Functional Committee on Human Rights.