El Gamal received his B.Sc. Honors degree from Cairo University in 1972. From Stanford, he earned an M.S. in electrical engineering in 1975, an M.S. in statistics in 1977 and his Ph.D. in 1978.
Academic career
El Gamal was an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering from 1978 to 1980. He has been on the faculty of the Department of Electrical Engineering since 1981. He was director of the Information Systems Laboratory from 2004 to 2009. From 2012 to 2017 he was chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. In his primary field, network information theory, El Gamal studies the absolute performance limits of communication and computing networks and develops algorithms and protocols to achieve these limits. He published highly cited papers on several classical problems in the field and co-authored its first textbook, Network Information Theory. Likewise, he was a pioneer in the development of Field Programmable Gate Arrays —a type of integrated circuit that can be electrically reconfigured to implement differing functions. He holds key patents and wrote several highly cited papers on basic architecture and design of FPGAs and pioneered the use of FPGAs in teaching digital system design. El Gamal was also a key figure in the development of CMOS image sensors, the technology widely used today in cell phone and digital cameras. He started the industrially funded Programmable Digital Camera project, which helped spur several key innovations in the field and funded several PhD students who became leaders in the image sensor industry and research. He also developed an award-winning course on the topic.
Business
In 1984, El Gamal joined LSI as director of its newly formed Systems Research Laboratory, which evolved into the company's very successful Consumer Product Division. In 1986 he cofounded Actel – only the second FPGA company in the world – where he made several key inventions in FPGA architecture and held multiple posts, including that of chief scientist until 1990. Actel was acquired by Microsemi in 2010. In 1990, he founded Silicon Architects – one of the first silicon IP companies in the world – holding multiple posts, including that of chief technical officer until its acquisition by Synopsys in 1995, where he was a vice president until 1997. In 1998, El Gamal co-founded Pixim, Inc., a fabless semiconductor company that developed chipsets for security cameras based on the Digital Pixel Sensor technology developed by his group at Stanford. Sony Electronics acquired Pixim in 2012. In 2011, El Gamal co-founded Inscopix, a neurotech company developing tools to enable monitoring of brain activity in vivo. He serves on its board of directors. He served on the board of directors of Numerical Technologies, which developed software tools for the design and manufacturing of subwavelength integrated circuit fabrication. The company was acquired by Synopsys. He also served on the board of directors of Berkeley Design Automation, which developed tools for analog, mixed-signal, RF, and custom digital verification. The company was acquired by Mentor Graphics in 2014. He also served on the technical advisory board of several other Silicon Valley companies, including Ion Torrent Systems, which developed miniaturized DNA sequencing platforms and was later acquired by Life Technologies.
2011: "Miniaturized integration of a fluorescence microscope," Nature Methods – with K. Ghosh, L. Burns, E. Cocker, A. Nimmerjahn, Y. Ziv, M. Schnitzer 2006: "Throughput-Delay Trade-offs in Wireless Networks," in two parts, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory – with J. Mammen, B. Prabhakar, and D. Shah 2002: "Energy-efficient Packet Transmission over a Wireless Link," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking –with E. Uysal-Biyikoglu and B. Prabhakar 2001: "A 10,000 Frames/s CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits – with S. Kleinfelder, S. Lim, X. Liu 1982: Achievable rates for multiple descriptions – with T. Cover 1979: Capacity theorems for the relay channel – with T. Cover
