2q37 monosomy
2q37 monosomy is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of a segment at the end of chromosome 2.Signs and symptoms
Almost all people with this syndrome have some degree of mental retardation and facial dysmorphism. Behavioural problems are common. Brachymetaphalangism is reported in ~50% of cases overall, but is typically not evident below the age of 2 years. There is striking phenotypic variability, and the size and extent of the deleted region cannot be used as accurate predictors of prognosis. Some patients have additional problems such as congenital heart disease and seizures.Genetics
The minimal deletion causing this syndrome has been defined as a 3 megabase region that contains the genes GPR35, GPC1 and STK25.
Almost all deletions are found to be terminal deletions at the end of chromosome 2. There is a high frequency of de novo deletions, but multiple cases within a single family are also observed. Equal proportions of maternally and paternally derived rearrangements were seen in Aldred's series. No common breakpoints for the deletion were identified indicating that the 2q37 rearrangement is unlikely to be mediated by non-homologous recombination and low-copy repeats. In a study of 20 patients, no clear relationship was found between clinical features and the size or position of the monosomic region.
