1955 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1955.
Events
- February 8 – Jin Yong's first wuxia novel, The Book and the Sword, begins publication in the New Evening Post, where he is an editor.
- Jean Cocteau is elected to the Académie française and the Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.
- April 16 – Sir Laurence Olivier's film version of Shakespeare's Richard III is released in U.K. cinemas.
- July 10 – Jorge Luis Borges is appointed Director of the National Library of the Argentine Republic.
- July 14 – Director Stephen Joseph sets up Britain's first theatre in the round at Scarborough, North Yorkshire, predecessor of the Stephen Joseph Theatre.
- July 30 – The English poet Philip Larkin, having become University Librarian at the University of Hull on March 21, is inspired on a train from Hull to Grantham to write a poem, "The Whitsun Weddings". His collection The Less Deceived is published in November.
- August – The American speculative fiction author Charles Beaumont's short story "The Crooked Man", depicting a homosexual society where heterosexuality is persecuted, is published in Playboy magazine after being rejected by Esquire.
- August 3 – The English-language première of Samuel Beckett's play Waiting for Godot, directed by Peter Hall, opens at the Arts Theatre, London.
- August 27 – The first hardback edition of The Guinness Book of Records appears in London.
- September – Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita appears in Paris three years before its US publication.
- November – Frank Herbert's first novel The Dragon in the Sea begins as a three-part serial, Under Pressure, in the monthly Astounding Science-Fiction.
- November 28 – Ray Lawler's Summer of the Seventeenth Doll is first staged by the Union Theatre Repertory Company in Melbourne with the playwright in a lead. It is the first authentically naturalistic drama in the theatre of Australia.
- An article in the British Journal of Education criticises Enid Blyton's novels as formulaic.
- The Indian guru Mani Madhava Chakyar performs Koodiyattam outside a temple for the first time.
New books
Fiction
- Kingsley Amis – That Uncertain Feeling
- Isaac Asimov
- *The End of Eternity
- *The Martian Way and Other Stories
- Elisabeth Augustin – Labyrinth
- Nigel Balchin – The Fall of the Sparrow
- John Bingham – The Paton Street Case
- Antoine Blondin – L'Humeur vagabonde
- Leigh Brackett – The Long Tomorrow
- Ray Bradbury – The October Country
- Henry Cecil – Brothers in Law
- Louis-Ferdinand Céline – Conversations with Professor Y
- Agatha Christie – Hickory Dickory Dock
- Arthur C. Clarke – Earthlight
- Ivy Compton-Burnett – Mother and Son
- Thomas B. Costain – The Tontine
- Marco Denevi – Rosaura a las 10
- Patrick Dennis – Auntie Mame
- John Dickson Carr – Captain Cut-Throat
- J. P. Donleavy – The Ginger Man
- Friedrich Dürrenmatt – Once a Greek
- Mircea Eliade – The Forbidden Forest
- Ian Fleming – Moonraker
- André Franquin – La Corne de rhinocéros
- Gillian Freeman – The Liberty Man
- William Gaddis – The Recognitions
- Gao Yubao – Gao Yubao
- David Garnett – Aspects of Love
- William Golding – The Inheritors
- Graham Greene
- *The Quiet American
- *Loser Takes All
- Henri René Guieu
- *L'Agonie du Verre
- *Commandos de l'Espace
- *Univers parallèles
- Robert A. Heinlein – Tunnel in the Sky
- Georgette Heyer – Bath Tangle
- Patricia Highsmith – The Talented Mr. Ripley
- Robert E. Howard and L. Sprague de Camp – Tales of Conan
- Aldous Huxley – The Genius and the Goddess
- Mac Hyman – No Time for Sergeants
- Roger Ikor – Les Eaux mêlées
- Dan Jacobson – The Trap
- Robin Jenkins – The Cone Gatherers
- Ruth Prawer Jhabvala – To Whom She Will
- MacKinlay Kantor – Andersonville
- Nikos Kazantzakis – The Last Temptation of Christ
- Yaşar Kemal – Memed, My Hawk
- Alexander Lernet-Holenia – Count Luna
- Józef Mackiewicz
- *Droga donikąd
- *Karierowicz
- Alistair MacLean – HMS Ulysses
- Norman Mailer – The Deer Park
- Gabriel García Márquez
- *The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor
- *Leaf Storm
- J. J. Marric – Gideon's Day
- Brian Moore – The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne
- Vladimir Nabokov – Lolita
- Flannery O'Connor – A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories
- John O'Hara – Ten North Frederick
- Pier Paolo Pasolini – Ragazzi di vita
- Anthony Powell – The Acceptance World
- Marin Preda – Moromeții, Vol. 1
- Barbara Pym – Less than Angels
- Alain Robbe-Grillet – Le Voyeur
- Robert Ruark – Something of Value
- Juan Rulfo – Pedro Páramo
- Françoise Sagan – Bonjour Tristesse
- Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio – El Jarama
- A. S. T. Fisher – Ambassador of Loss
- Isaac Bashevis Singer – Satan in Goray
- Mary Stewart – Madam, Will You Talk?
- Rex Stout – Before Midnight
- Jim Thompson – After Dark, My Sweet
- Morton Thompson – Not as a Stranger
- J. R. R. Tolkien – The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
- Evelyn Waugh – Officers and Gentlemen
- Patrick White – The Tree of Man
- Leonard Wibberley – The Mouse That Roared
- Sloan Wilson – The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit
- Herman Wouk – Marjorie Morningstar
- John Wyndham – The Chrysalids''
Children and young people
- BB – The Forest of Boland Light Railway
- Paul Berna – Le Cheval sans tête
- Crockett Johnson – Harold and the Purple Crayon
- C. S. Lewis – The Magician's Nephew
- William Mayne – A Swarm in May
- Janet McNeill – My Friend Specs McCann
- Iona and Peter Opie – The Oxford Nursery Rhyme Book
- Philippa Pearce – Minnow on the Say
- Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings – The Secret River
- Barbara Sleigh –
- E. C. Spykman – A Lemon and a Star
- Catherine Storr – Clever Polly and the Stupid Wolf
- Patricia Wrightson – The Crooked Snake
- Eva-Lis Wuorio – Return of the Viking
Drama
- Arthur Adamov – Le Ping-Pong
- Enid Bagnold – The Chalk Garden
- Samuel Beckett – Waiting for Godot
- Bertolt Brecht – Trumpets and Drums
- João Cabral de Melo Neto – Morte e Vida Severina
- Alice Childress – Trouble in Mind
- John Dighton – Man Alive!
- Sonnie Hale – The French Mistress
- William Inge – Bus Stop
- Eugène Ionesco
- *Jack, or The Submission
- *The New Tenant
- Kol Jakova – Toka jonë
- Ray Lawler – Summer of the Seventeenth Doll
- Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee – Inherit the Wind
- Philip Mackie – The Whole Truth
- Arthur Miller
- *A View from the Bridge
- *A Memory of Two Mondays
- J.B. Priestley – Mr. Kettle and Mrs. Moon
- Reginald Rose – Twelve Angry Men
- Jean-Paul Sartre – Nekrassov
- Ariano Suassuna – O Auto da Compadecida
- Orson Welles – Moby Dick—Rehearsed
- Thornton Wilder
- *The Matchmaker
- *A Life in the Sun
- Tennessee Williams – Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
- Carl Zuckmayer – The Cold Light
Poetry
Non-fiction
Births
- Wang Xiaoni, Chinese poet
- Regina Yaou, Ivory Coast novelist
Deaths
- January 20 – Robert P. Tristram Coffin, American poet, essayist and novelist
- February 23 – Paul Claudel, French poet, dramatist and diplomat
- April 10 – Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, French philosopher and essayist
- May 16 – James Agee, American writer
- June 6 – Joseph Jefferson Farjeon, English crime writer
- June 17 – Constance Holme, English novelist and dramatist
- June 19 – Adrienne Monnier, French poet and publisher
- June 21 – Roger Mais, Jamaican novelist
- June 30 – Gilbert Cannan, British writer
- July 3 – Beatrice Chase, English writer
- August 1 – Charles Shaw, Australian writer
- August 2 – Wallace Stevens, American poet
- August 12 – Thomas Mann, German novelist
- August 14 – Herbert Putnam, American Librarian of Congress
- August 29 – Hong Shen, Chinese dramatist
- September 20 – Robert Riskin, American dramatist and screenwriter
- October 18 – José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher
- November 1 – Dale Carnegie, American writer
- November 12 – Tin Ujević, Croatian poet
- November 14
- *Ruby M. Ayres, English romance novelist
- *Robert E. Sherwood, American playwright
- December – Al. T. Stamatiad, Romanian poet
Awards
- Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Eleanor Farjeon, The Little Bookroom
- Frost Medal: Leona Speyer
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Ivy Compton-Burnett, Mother and Son
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: R. W. Ketton-Cremer, Thomas Gray
- Newbery Medal for children's literature: Meindert DeJong, The Wheel on the School
- Nobel Prize for Literature: Halldór Kiljan Laxness
- Premio Nadal: Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio, El Jarama
- Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Tennessee Williams, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
- Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: William Faulkner, A Fable
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Wallace Stevens, Collected Poems
- Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Ruth Pitter
In literature
- Ian McEwan's novel The Innocent
- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's novel Cancer Ward
- Colin Wilson's novel Adrift in Soho
- Richard Yates's novel Revolutionary Road