1911 in Italy

Kingdom of Italy

• Monarch – Victor Emmanuel III
• Prime Minister –
• # Luigi Luzzatti
• # Giovanni Giolitti
• Population – 35,033,000

  Events

March

• March 1 – Italian nationalists start to publish a weekly newspaper, L'Idea Nazionale, organ of the Italian Nationalist Association, on the anniversary of the Battle of Adwa, giving full support to Italian imperialism and the Italo-Turkish War. The weekly is founded by Enrico Corradini, Alfredo Rocco and Luigi Federzoni. Corradini wrote two political essays.

• March 19 – Prime Minister Luigi Luzzatti resigns over a proposed electoral reform, following the resignation of the radical group from the majority.
• March 30 – Giovanni Giolitti forms a new government.

  April

• April 24 – The 3rd National Congress of the General Confederation of Labour, the most important Italian trade union, in Modena, affirms the independence of the trade union movement from party political constraints.

  June

• June 4 – On the 50th anniversary of the unification of Italy, a crowd of one million people turned out in Rome to watch the unveiling of Il Vittoriano, a 250 foot high monument in honor of King Victor Emmanuel II.
• June 9 – Prime Minister Giolitti presents a new bill on elections introducing almost universal male suffrage.

  September

• September 11 – An eruption of Mount Etna on Sicily sends a lava stream 2,000 feet wide and four feet deep, and leaves 20,000 homeless, between Linguaglossa and Randazzo.
• September 27 – Italy issues an ultimatum to Turkey demanding the surrender of Tripoli and Cyrenaica within twenty-four hours. A general strike against the war is organized by the socialist PSI and CGdL labour union.
• September 29 – Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire over claims in Libya. The Italo-Turkish War would go on until October 18, 1912. The Italian fleet appeared off Tripoli in the evening of September 28, but only began bombarding the port on October 3. The city was conquered by 1,500 sailors, much to the enthusiasm of the interventionist minority in Italy. Another proposal for a diplomatic settlement was rejected by the Italians, and the Turks determined therefore to defend the province.

October

• October 5 – Italian troops occupy Tripoli end Bengazi.
• October 11 – The Italian expeditionary force, commanded by General Carlo Caneva, start the occupation of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica.
• October 24–26 – The 1911 Tripoli massacre: a series of massacres by the Italian army of Libyan civilians of the Tripoli region, and the preceding massacre of Italian captured troops at Sciara Sciat.

  November

• November 1 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
• November 5 – Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica. Many Italians are expelled from the Ottoman Empire.

  Sports

• April 2 – The French rider Gustave Garrigou wins the 5th Milan–San Remo bicycle race.
• May 14 – Giovanni "Ernesto" Ceirano wins the 1911 Targa Florio endurance automobile race on Sicily.
• May 18 – June 6 – The Italian rider Carlo Galetti wins the 3rd Giro d'Italia stage bicycle race.
• June 18 – Pro Vercelli wins the 1910–11 Italian Football Championship.
• November 2 – The French rider Henri Pélissier wins the 7th Giro di Lombardia bicycle race.

  Births

• December 3 – Nino Rota, Italian composer

  Deaths

• April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian writer
• May 16 – Lorenzo Panepinto, Italian politician and teacher involved in the Fasci Siciliani, killed by the Sicilian Mafia