1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 18th Congress were held at various dates in different states between July 1822 and August 1823 during President James Monroe's second term.
Following the 1820 Census, Congress added 26 seats to the House. Most relative population growth was in the West.
This was the last House election during the virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings and the largest midterm gain of seats by a President's party. The Democratic-Republican Party remained nationally dominant, and the Federalist Party limited to state and local influence.
This election heralded key change not apparent until the end of the 18th Congress. The four-way 1824 presidential election, in which all candidates ran as Democratic-Republicans, would result in no candidate winning an Electoral College majority. Representatives elected to the 18th Congress are often classified by how they voted in the 1825 contingent election, which after a controversial, unanticipated political deal chose John Quincy Adams President, triggering a new, rancorous, abruptly realigned period of partisanship.
Election summaries
Following the 1820 Census, 26 new seats were apportioned, with 4 States losing 1 seat each, 9 States gaining between 1 and 8 seats, and the remaining 11 States having no change in apportionment.Special elections
There were special elections in 1822 and 1823 to the 17th United States Congress and 18th United States Congress.Special elections are sorted by date then district.
17th Congress
18th Congress
Alabama
Alabama increased from one to three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. The state then changed from a single at-large district to three geographic districts. Alabama elected its members August 3, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.Connecticut
Connecticut lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Connecticut elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.Delaware
Delaware was reduced once more from two back to one seat after the Fourth Census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the October 1, 1822 election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election.Georgia
Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Georgia elected its members October 7, 1822.Illinois
Illinois elected its sole at-large member August 5, 1822.Indiana
Indiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census, and elected its members August 5, 1822.Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbent William Hendricks having resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings, elected to the new, was elected in the ensuing special election to fill the at-large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress.
Kentucky
Kentucky gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Kentucky elected its members August 5, 1822.Louisiana
Louisiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Louisiana elected its members July 1–3, 1822.Maine
Although Maine neither gained nor lost seats after the 1820 United States Census, redistricting placed two incumbents into the. Maine elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. Maine law required a majority for election, with additional ballots taken if a majority were not achieved. This proved necessary in 1822 in the,,, and districts, but all members were still chosen before the new Congress convened.Maryland
Maryland elected its members October 7, 1822.Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members November 4, 1822. Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in 3 districts, necessitating additional elections on March 3, 1823 and May 12, 1823; nevertheless, all elections were complete before the new Congress convened.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Benjamin Gorham | Federalist | 1820 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Gideon Barstow | Democratic-Republican | 1821 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ' ' | |
| Jeremiah Nelson | Federalist | 1804 1806 1814 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Timothy Fuller | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Jonathan Russell | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ' ' | |
| Lewis Bigelow | Federalist | 1820 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ' ' | |
| Samuel C. Allen | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Samuel Lathrop | Federalist | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Henry W. Dwight | Federalist | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | 1800 1804 1820 1820 | Incumbent re-elected but declined the seat to become Governor of Massachusetts, leading to a special election. | ||
| Aaron Hobart | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Francis Baylies | Federalist | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Reed Jr. | Federalist | 1812 1816 1820 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Mississippi
Mississippi elected its member August 5–6, 1822.Missouri
Missouri elected its member October 7, 1822.New Hampshire
New Hampshire elected its members August 26, 1822. New Hampshire law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters for election, that is 1/12 of votes. Only five candidates received the requisite majority, and so a May 11, 1823 run-off election was held for the sixth seat.New Jersey
New Jersey elected its members October 15, 1822.New York
New York's representation increased after the 1820 United States Census from 27 to 34 seats, elected from 30 districts, two with two members each, and one with three members. New York elected its members November 4–6, 1822.As in the previous election, the Democratic-Republican Party in New York was divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" and the Clintonians, which distinction is not marked here. The Clintonians and the Federalists ran on a joint ticket in 1822 as in 1821, in some cases, it's unclear which party a candidate belonged to, those are marked Crawford Federalist.
North Carolina
North Carolina's delegation remained unchanged after the census, at thirteen seats. North Carolina elected its members August 14, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.Ohio
Ohio gained eight seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Ohio elected its members October 8, 1822.Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Pennsylvania elected its members October 8, 1822.Rhode Island
Rhode Island elected its members August 27, 1822.South Carolina
South Carolina elected its members February 12–13, 1823.Tennessee
Tennessee gained three seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Tennessee elected its members August 7–8, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.Vermont
Vermont lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. For the 1822 election, Vermont switched back to using a single at-large district. This would be the last year that Vermont would use an at-large district until 1932, when its representation was reduced to a single seat. Vermont elected its members September 3, 1822.Virginia
Virginia lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Nineteen incumbents ran for re-election leaving three open seats. Virginia elected its members in April 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.Non-voting delegates
There were three territories with the right to send delegates to the 18th Congress.| District | Incumbent | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| James Woodson Bates | 1819 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. | ||
| Joseph M. Hernández | September 30, 1822 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. | ||
| Solomon Sibley | 1820 | Incumbent retired. New member elected in 1823. |