1804 and 1805 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 9th Congress were held at various dates in each state between April 24, 1804 and August 5, 1805. The Congress first met on December 2, 1805. The elections occurred at the same time as President Thomas Jefferson's re-election.
Under Jefferson's popular administration, his party continued to gain seats in the House. Territorial acquisitions from the Louisiana Purchase and economic expansion gave voters a positive view of the Democratic-Republicans, whose majority, already commanding in the 8th Congress, now surpassed three-quarters of the total membership. Following this election, Federalists were able to secure few seats outside of New England and party legitimacy deteriorated as political thought turned away from Federalist ideals perceived to be elitist and anti-democratic.
Election summaries
Special elections
There were special elections in 1804 and 1805 during the 8th United States Congress and 9th United States Congress.Elections are sorted here by date then district.
8th Congress
9th Congress
Connecticut
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Calvin Goddard | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected but declined to serve, leading to a [|special election], [|see above]. | ||
| Samuel W. Dana | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Davenport | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Roger Griswold | Federalist | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected but declined to serve, leading to a special election, see above. | ||
| Benjamin Tallmadge | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Cotton Smith | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Simeon Baldwin | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
Delaware
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Caesar A. Rodney | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. Successor declined to serve, leading to a special election, see above. |
Georgia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Peter Early | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| David Meriwether | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joseph Bryan | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Samuel Hammond | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Election was later contested and a new successor named. |
Kentucky
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Matthew Lyon | Democratic-Republican | 1797 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Boyle | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Matthew Walton | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Sandford | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Fowler | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| George M. Bedinger | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Maryland
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| John Campbell | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Walter Bowie | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Thomas Plater | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Daniel Hiester | Democratic-Republican | 1788 1796 1801 | Incumbent died March 7, 1804. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor was also elected on the same day to finish the current term, see above. | ||
| Nicholas R. Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William McCreery | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Archer | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joseph H. Nicholson | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Dennis | Federalist | 1796 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
Massachusetts
The majority requirement was met in all 17 districts in the 1804 elections.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Jacob Crowninshield | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Manasseh Cutler | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Joseph Bradley Varnum | Democratic-Republican | 1794 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Dwight | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Samuel Taggart | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Nahum Mitchell | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Lemuel Williams | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Phanuel Bishop | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Seth Hastings | Federalist | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Stedman | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Simon Larned | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Ebenezer Seaver | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Richard Cutts | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Peleg Wadsworth | Federalist | 1792 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Samuel Thatcher | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Phineas Bruce | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
New Hampshire
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Silas Betton | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Samuel Hunt | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Samuel Tenney | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| David Hough | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Clifton Clagett | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
New Jersey
The Federalist ticket was announced only a week before the election, with no active campaigning.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Adam Boyd | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Ebenezer Elmer | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Helms | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Mott | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| Henry Southard | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Sloan | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. |
New York
New York held elections for the 9th Congress on April 24–26, 1804. For this year and the next election year, the 2nd and 3rd districts had combined returns, effectively a plural district with 2 seats, though still numbered as separate districts. At the time, District 2 consisted of only part of New York County, while District 3 consisted of the remainder of New York County plus Kings and Richmond Counties. By consolidating the two, it ensured that New York County would be combined into a single district.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| John Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent resigned February 22, 1804. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
and | Samuel L. Mitchill | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected but later resigned November 22, 1804 to become U.S. Senator, triggering a special election, see above. | |
and | Joshua Sands | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected but declined the seat to become associate justice of the New York Supreme Court. Democratic-Republican gain. | |
| Philip Van Courtlandt | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Andrew McCord | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Daniel C. Verplanck | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Josiah Hasbrouck | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Henry W. Livingston | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Killian Van Rensselaer | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| George Tibbits | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Beriah Palmer | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| David Thomas | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Sammons | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Erastus Root | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Gaylord Griswold | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| John Paterson | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Oliver Phelps | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
North Carolina
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Thomas Wynns | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Willis Alston | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Kennedy | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| William Blackledge | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Gillespie | Democratic-Republican | 1793 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. Successor died January 5, 1805, triggering a special election. | ||
| Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Samuel D. Purviance | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Richard Stanford | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Marmaduke Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Nathaniel Alexander | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Holland | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joseph Winston | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Ohio
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Jeremiah Morrow | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Pennsylvania
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Joseph Clay | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Jacob Richards | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Michael Leib | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Robert Brown | Democratic-Republican | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Frederick Conrad | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Isaac Van Horne | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Isaac Anderson | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joseph Hiester | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| John Whitehill | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John A. Hanna | Democratic-Republican | 1796 | Incumbent re-elected, but died July 23, 1805 | ||
| David Bard | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Andrew Gregg | Democratic-Republican | 1791 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Stewart | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| John Rea | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Findley | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Smilie | Democratic-Republican | 1792 1794 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Hoge | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| John Lucas | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected, but resigned before the start of the Congress, triggering a special election. |
Rhode Island
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Nehemiah Knight | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joseph Stanton Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. |
South Carolina
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Thomas Lowndes | Federalist | 1800 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| William Butler Sr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Benjamin Huger | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Wade Hampton | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Richard Winn | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Levi Casey | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John B. Earle | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected but resigned March 3, 1805, triggering a special election. |
Tennessee
Beginning with the 9th Congress, Tennessee was divided into 3 districts.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| John Rhea | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| George W. Campbell | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| William Dickson | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Vermont
Vermont required a majority for election, which frequently mandated runoff elections. The, and districts both required second elections in this election cycle, and districts both required second elections in this election cyclethe 3rd district required a third election.| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| Gideon Olin | Democratic-Republican | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Elliot | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | First ballot : Second ballot : | |
| William Chamberlain | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | First ballot : Second ballot : Third ballot : | |
| Martin Chittenden | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Virginia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected | Result | Candidates |
| John G. Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| James Stephenson | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| John Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| David Holmes | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Alexander Wilson | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Abram Trigg | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Joseph Lewis Jr. | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Walter Jones | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Philip R. Thompson | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Dawson | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Anthony New | Democratic-Republican | 1793 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Thomas Griffin | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. | ||
| Christopher H. Clark | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Matthew Clay | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Randolph | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John W. Eppes | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Claiborne | Democratic-Republican | 1793 1801 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Peterson Goodwyn | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Edwin Gray | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Newton Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1799 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas M. Randolph | Democratic-Republican | 1803 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John Clopton | Democratic-Republican | 1801 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Non-voting delegates
There were three territories with non-voting delegates in the 9th Congress, one of which did not send its first representative until 1806. The delegates were elected by the territorial legislatures, votes here are the number of members of the territorial legislatures voting for each candidate.In the Mississippi Territory, the territorial legislature was locked. The first vote given above was on the 7th ballot, after which point the territorial legislature adjourned, the second vote was at a later session of the territorial legislature.