1565 in science

Earth sciences

• Conrad Gessner publishes in Zürich.

  Medicine

• College of Physicians of London empowered to carry out human dissections.
• The first hospital in the Philippines is established by the Spanish in Cebu.
• First publication of Dos libros... by Spanish physician and botanist Nicolás Monardes.

  Technology

• October – The first Martello tower, the Torra di Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino, is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella Point in Upper Corsica.
• Roger Taverner writes his Arte of .

  Births

• April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer
• November 10 – Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer
• Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, navigator

  Deaths

• December 13 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist