101 Albums That Changed Popular Music


101 Albums That Changed Popular Music is a musical reference book written by Chris Smith, an American journalist, author and cultural critic. It was published in July 2009 by Oxford University Press. The book tells the history of popular music from the introduction of the long-playing record in 1948. It focuses on key albums, from the Folkways compilation Anthology of American Folk Music to the White Stripes' Elephant.

Selection and sorting methodology

Chris Smith previously wrote about music and popular culture for Rolling Stone, Billboard and MTV, among others, and authored The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Rock History, published by Greenwood Press in 2006. In 101 Albums That Changed Popular Music, he focuses on albums and their impact on the cultural landscape, as opposed to songs and musical performance. In the book's preface, he says that, rather than looking to compile a list of the "best" albums, the criteria for inclusion was a combination of an album's sales performance and influence on American music and culture, together with the level of critical commentary it had inspired. He says that artists such as Chuck Berry, Bill Haley and Hank Williams, and many pioneers in the blues genre are necessarily excluded, since their most influential work was either confined to 78rpm singles or achieved through live performance.
In Smith's opinion, Miles Davis is "the most revolutionary artist" in the book, while the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band is the album that most clearly satisfies the three criteria for inclusion. He comments that the featured albums show artistic ambition and influence in the areas of, variously, technological experimentation, mixing musical genres, presentation of alternate realities, and commentary on contemporaneous music – the latter being demonstrated especially by the Mothers of Invention's Freak Out!, which ridiculed "both the status quo and the counterculture".
The book includes a timeline of key events in the history of recorded sound and divides the main discussion into seven chapters, starting with "The Birth of the Long Player, 1952–1962". The other six chapters cover the periods 1963–1967, 1968–1971, 1972–1976, 1977–1985, 1986–1990 and 1991–2008. Each of the featured albums is afforded two or three pages of text. Smith also includes appendices titled "Ten Albums That Almost Made It" and "Ten Important Producers". In the first of these, he comments that his omission of the Beatles' Revolver from the main body of the book is "somewhat unfair".

Artists

The following artists have albums featured in 101 Albums That Changed Popular Music:
In addition, the "Ten Albums That Almost Made It" appendix contains works by Ornette Coleman, James Brown, the Rolling Stones, the Beatles, Stevie Wonder, the Eagles, Pink Floyd, the Police, U2 and Alanis Morissette.

Critical reception

, the co-editor of Spin magazine's Alternative Record Guide and an organizer of the Experience Music Project conferences, wrote that, just as albums are "structures of order, turning songs, an inherently ersatz form, into statements", Smith's book "albums the album, compiling the 'statement' works that prevailed in jazz, folk, and two generations of rock into a single package". The Financial Times described Smith's 101 Albums as a "diverting" work that was "an upmarket version of the best-of lists that rock fans love to argue over". Express Milwaukees reviewer wrote: "Well argued, Smith compiles a history of rock that is generally correct and identifies such important trends as the fertile interplay between the Beatles and Dylan, the transmogrification of communal '60s folk-rock into me-only '70s singer-songwriter and the punk's reaction against hippy hypocrisy and pompous arena rock."
In his review for The Independent, Christopher Hirst admired Smith's writing and choice of suitable quotes. He said the inclusion of early albums such as Elvis Presley, Muddy Waters at Newport and The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan was logical, but "sometimes the wrong record is picked by the right artist" in the case of the Beatles' Rubber Soul and Davis' Bitches Brew, which were chosen over Revolver and In a Silent Way, respectively. Hirst also found the inclusion of Boston and Van Halen "inexplicable" and bemoaned the absence of Neil Young's After the Goldrush and the Allman Brothers Band's At Fillmore East. Douglas Lord, in a review for Library Journal, said the coverage and detail was impressive and that the author "prov a consummate music critic/historian". Lord also approved of the recognition afforded Television's Marquee Moon, Metallica's Kill 'Em All and Public Enemy's It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, alongside the expected "classics" from the 1960s and 1970s.
The website for the JW Pepper sheet music company describes the book as "A lively and provocative account" that "tells the fascinating stories behind the most groundbreaking, influential, and often controversial albums ever recorded".