Édouard Surcouf


Édouard Surcouf was a French engineer, maker and pilot of dirigibles, and industrialist.

Biography

Édouard Surcouf, an aeronautics enthusiast from an early age, made his first flight in a hot-air balloon in 1879 at the age of 17.
The following year, 1880, he started as an apprentice at the "Grands Ateliers Aérostatiques du Champ-de-Mars", the biggest aeronautic manufacturer at the end of the 19th century. He collaborated with engineers Eugène Godard, his brother Louis Godard and Gabriel Yon.
In 1889 he was named president of the School of Aeronautics. With Gabriel Yon he published a reference work, Aérostats et aérostation militaire à l'Exposition universelle de 1889. Surcouf married Yon's daughter, who as :fr:Marie Surcouf became the first woman to gain her sporting pilot's license. He became the heir of Gabriel Yon through this marriage.
In 1889 he became the successor to his godfather
This new company would be a pioneer in the introduction of rubberised fabric for the construction of envelopes of dirigibles. He continued Gabriel Yon's enterprise in providing equipment for the Spanish Army.
On 27 July 1900 he was appointed Technical Instructor at the first Swiss military aérostiers training school in Geneva.
In 1902 Surcouf built his first dirigible, the Astra I, Lebaudy I, for the brothers Paul and Pierre Lebaudy, designed by :fr:Henri Julliot and nicknamed "le Jaune". The :fr:Le Lebaudy was a hydrogen-filled, cigar-shaped airship pointed or thinning at the sides, long, powered by a engine with a propellers on each side. In 1904 the industrialist Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe ordered the dirigible Le Ville de Paris, which had a bad accident during its inaugural flight in December 1904. It was rebuilt, and Le Ville de Paris flew again in 1906.
Henry Deutsch de la Meurthe joined with Surcouf in 1908 to found the Société Astra. This new company increased production, making Wright brothers aircraft under licence and their own models such as the CM. The firm also made dirigibles, notably at Meaux and at the industrial site of Boulogne-Billancourt. Surcouf surrounded himself with aeronautical engineers, among which :fr:Henry Kapférer would become the administrator of this new industrial firm. New dirigibles appeared:
;1909
Frédéric Airault, technical director of Compagnie générale transaérienne, was associated with Astra from 1909. He skilfully avoided a disaster while flying in l'Espagne, and piloted Ville de Lucerne on commercial flights in Switzerland in 1910 as Transaérienne's chief pilot.
;1910
On 6 July 1911 Surcouf inaugurated the l'Institut aérotechnique de Saint-Cyr, affiliated with the University of Paris. De la Meurthe bought the Société Générale d'Aéro-Locomotion Deplante-Nieuport when Édouard N. died in 1911, renaming it the Société Anonyme des Établissements Nieuport.
From 1911 Surcouf collaborated with the Spanish engineer Leonardo Torres Quevedo on a new semi-rigid dirigible in the Issy-les-Moulineaux works. Their Astra-Torres airship was much faster with better performance than previous airships. Other Astra-Torres dirigibles followed, including the Pilâtre de Rozier named after the aerostier Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, which at 23,000 m3 was the same size as a Zeppelin.
On 18/19 September 1911 Surcouf piloted the Adjutant Reau on a record-breaking non-stop round flight of 850 km from Paris - Chalons - Verdun - Nancy -Epinal - Versoul - Troyes -Paris.
During World War I Surcouf's firms supplied war material.
After the Great War, the company continued to produce dirigibles. In 1919 Henri de la Meurthe died. The Astra company merged with Nieuport to form Astra-Nieuport. In 1923 he retired from the company in favour of Gustave Delage.

Partial list of publications